State Forest Practice Regulatory Programs: An Approach to Implementing Ecosystem Management on Private Forest Lands in the United States

/ Implemented in the context of a long history ofintense public debate, forestry practices applied on private forest land areregulated in some form by 38 states. State regulatory activities can involvemany agencies implementing numerous regulatory laws, a single forestry agencyadministering a comprehensive regulatory program, or a combination of thetwo. Regulatory programs are designed to protect resources such as soils,water, wildlife, and scenic beauty. Program administration often involvesrule promulgation, harvest plan reviews, coordination of interagency reviews,and pre- and postharvest on-site inspections. Forest practice rules usuallyfocus on reforestation, forest roads, harvest procedures, and wildlifehabitat protection. Emerging regulatory trends include growth of multiagencyregulatory authority and associated jurisdictional conflicts, increasedtendencies to narrowly specify standards in statutes and rules, emergence ofcontingent regulations, growing sensitivity to processes enabling theadoption of new forest practice technologies and an ability to addresscumulative effects, interest in collaborative rule-making stemming fromheightened concern over legalization of administration processes, and growingconcern over the constitutional foundations for regulatory programs and thegovernment and private sector cost of implementing such programs.KEY WORDS: Ecosystem management; Forestry practices; Private landowners;Regulatory programs; State government     

环境监测科研管理相关问题探讨

环境监测科研是环境监测的一项基础性工作，是环境监测事业发展的重要保障。加强环境监测科研工作，需要不断探索适合于时代发展和环境监测以及环境管理工作实际情况的环境监测科研管理模式。对环境监测科研管理的内涵和特点进行了分析；对环境监测科研管理部门的定位、环境监测科研管理的科研计划管理、环境监测科研管理中的科研队伍建设等进行了探讨。     

关于危险废物处置项目投资营运模式的探讨

探讨了我国危险废物处置项目投资及营运模式，提出政府、企业共同出资建设，采用现代企业制度和市场化营运模式符合我国现阶段的国情。     

Environmental Racism in the Sunbelt? A Cross-Cultural Analysis

/ Sociologist Robert Bullard challenged the prevailing paradigm of environmentalism as a consensual issue in the United States by developing the concept of environmental racism. As he claims, ethnic minorities have been put "at greater environmental risk" than has the Caucasian majority in most areas of the country. This study of the Tucson metropolitan area examines this proposition by utilizing data from several sources: interviews with elected officials and other opinion leaders, GIS-generated socioeconomic data, articles in the press, and a literature review. We conclude that Bullard's concept has validity for this metropolitan area but that there also exist widely divergent differences of opinion on the subject. We explain why this is so. We further conclude that the allegation of "environmental racism" made by the Hispanic community in the 1980s and 1990s has had a transformative effect on local politics.KEY WORDS: Environment; Racism; Tucson; Garbage dumps; County government; Pollution; Equity; Justice     

论强化环境执法的监督机制

我国环境执法的软弱同一直没有根本改变。对通过环境执法的监督来强化环境执法工作的途径进行探讨，如环境执法，执法检查，行政监察，司法监督、内部监督，社会监督。     

环保非政府组织的作用和定位

环保非政府组织是市场、政府和公众之外的一支重要的社会力量,具有弥补政府失灵和市场失灵的作用又可填补政府留下的空间,也使它的作用有局限。中国环保非政府组织与政府之间应建立一种有利于该组织健康发展的非对抗性的合作关系。     

发挥非政府组织作用推进防震减灾工作

防震减灾工作是一项社会性的系统工程；非政府组织在社会管理和服务中发挥着重要的参与作用。非政府组织参与防震减灾工作，将使防震减灾工作受到事半功倍的效果。本文分析了非政府组织在防震减灾领域的作用，根据我国政府组织发展的实践，提出了在防震减灾管理工作发挥非政府组织作用的思路。     

福州内河水环境问题及综合治理建议

水环境是城市形象的具体体现,是城市规划与建设的一个重要组成部分.随着福州市的经济的不断发展,如何进一步加强福州市的生态建设、科学治理内河污染已成为福州市政府和人民关心的问题,也是环境工作者不可推卸的责任.文章介绍了福州城区内河现状及综合治理情况,分析了其存在的主要问题,并提出了内河水环境综合规划治理措施,为下阶段内河治理提供参考建议.     

中央政府投资城市污水处理厂的理论和实证分析

目前，城市污水处理厂的建设速度比较迟缓，地方政府建设城市污水处理厂积极性不高，针对这一现状，文章对城市污水处理厂的外部性和投资资金不足等原因进行了调查和分析，在城市基础设施建设资金不足的背景下，城市污水处理厂投资体制不能满足城市污水处理的需求，因此，城市污水处理厂的外部性和流域水污染防治的系统性要求中央政府承担建设城市污水处理厂的主要责任，另外，流域内社会经济发展的普遍不平衡，以及国外在城市污水处理厂投资方面的一些成功经验，都说明了中央政府投资城市污水处理厂的必要性。     

Coercive versus cooperative pollution control: Comparative study of state programs to reduce erosion and sedimentation pollution in urban areas

This article examines coercive and cooperative approaches to implementing state urban erosion and sedimentation pollution control programs. State administrators report serious shortfalls in their ability to control sources of pollution, but comparison of more and less successful programs provides evidence of what states can do to make programs more effective. Key ingredients for a successful state effort include the use of coercion with both the private sector and local government, adequate staffing, application of severe sanctions when violations of state standards are detected, and provision of technical assistance. Many state programs lack one or more of those elements, which explains their inability to adequately control urban erosion and sedimentation pollution.