UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IMPLEMENT PUBLIC POLICY RURAL COMMUNITY ACTION WITH A WATER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT1

ABSTRACT: This report summarizes the findings of a ten week study made by the eight member Urban and Environmental Studies Program student staff of the Rock Creek Area Community Projects Board to assist the Village in its search for funds to improve its inadequate water and sewage systems. The ten year history of the Village of Rock Creek in its previous attempts to secure funding from outside sources is summarized. An analysis of federal funding programs’criteria is developed. Recommendations and a step by step analysis of how to precure these funds by the Village Council is presented. This report highlights the ten week activity which successfully produced earmarked federal funds for the Village's water project.     

关于实行企业安全生产年审制的思考

在经济体制改革后 ,政府转变职能 ,企业转换经营机制 ,企业与政府脱钩 ,政府放权予企业 ,由企业自主经营、自负盈亏 ,企业成为独立核算的法人。按照权、责统一和管生产必须管安全、谁主管谁负责的原则 ,企业的安全生产从企业与政府共同管理转移到自主管理 ,政府及其有关主管部门从管理向监督转变 ,政府与企业的关系由隶属关系变成监督与被监督的关系。随着社会主义市场经济的进一步发展和日益完善 ,安全生产面临前所未有的新情况。在新的形势下 ,如何建立安全生产的长效机制 ,是当前安全生产亟待解决的重要课题。笔者针对安全生产监督与管理上存在的问题 ,有针对性地提出了实行企业安全生产年审制的建议 ,认为建立企业安全生产年审制是切合当前实际的安全对策 ,并对如何实施这一对策进行了初步的探讨。     

Canadian mineral policy debated : Industry reaction to a major federal initiative

The debate on mineral policy between the Canadian federal government and the mining industry is reviewed and policy-making emerges as necessarily an adversarial process. The Canadian federal system provides major obstacles to the formulation of a national mineral policy but does not exclude it. It is argued that industry should play a more pro-active part in mineral policy formulation, seeking with governments a clear hierarchical list of priorities against which discrete policy decisions can be evaluated.     

乾隆三年宁夏大地震救济刍议

清乾隆三年宁夏府大地震,造成了严重的社会危机.震后地方政府首先作出反应,一边开展自救,一边向中央政府汇报.中央政府在接到灾情汇报后,组织了一系列赈济.文章从政府层面面对地震灾害后出现的诸问题角度,探讨清代中央政府与地方政府应对地震灾害的措施.指出正是中央政府与地方政府紧密的配合,才避免了地震灾情的恶化.     

基本环境质量与地方政府公共服务

环境资源具有公共物品属性。环境保护是一种为社会提供集体利益的公共物品和劳务。通过保护自然环境,防治污染和其它公害,扩大有用资源再生产,其产品就是环境质量。基本环境质量是在环境容量允许的情况下,能满足人类的基本需要的水清、天蓝、地干净的宜居环境,是能喝上干净水、呼吸清洁空气、吃上放心食物的安康环境。基本环境质量是人民群众健康生活和经济社会可持续发展的基础,是广大人民群众应当享受的最基本的环境权益。政府承担着公众赋予的公共职能和公共权力。地方各级政府是以提供公共产品、为人民服务为首要职责的公共服务型政府。基本的环境质量是一种公共产品,是政府必须确保的公共服务。     

风险社会下的政府环境责任刍议

随着人类逐步迈入风险社会,生态环境事故产生的诱因更多地集中于科学技术,且对相关事故进行责任认定难度巨大.政府在处理相关问题时可能面对经济发展和环境保护相冲突以及决策的知识性匮乏等问题,这就要求在新社会背景下从积极和消极两方面对政府的环境责任进行有效的重构.     

多部门环境监测科学数据共享体系探讨

本文通过分析“淮河流域环境与健康监测网”获取的环境监测科学数据特征,并结合我国环境监测科学数据共享的现状和存在的问题,根据环境监测科学数据的5个基本要素,对构建面向社会公众、面向科学研究的多部门环境监测科学数据共享体系进行了探索研究.     

Under-Reporting of Accidents Involving Biological Material by Nursing Professionals at a Brazilian Emergency Hospital

Background. Pathogens can be transmitted to health professionals after contact with biological material. The exact number of infections deriving from these events is still unknown, due to the lack of systematic surveillance data and under-reporting. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 451 nursing professionals from a Brazilian tertiary emergency hospital between April and July 2009. Through an active search, cases of under-reporting of occupational accidents with biological material by the nursing team were identified by means of individual interviews. The Institutional Review Board approved the research project. Results. Over half of the professionals (237) had been victims of one or more accidents (425 in total) involving biological material, and 23.76% of the accidents had not been officially reported using an occupational accident report. Among the under-reported accidents, 53.47% were percutaneous and 67.33% were bloodborne. The main reason for nonreporting was that the accident had been considered low risk. Conclusions. The under-reporting rate (23.76%) was low in comparison with other studies, but most cases of exposure were high risk.     

煤矿安全投资动态管理与政府资助研究

从煤炭企业和政府互动的角度出发,首先对煤矿安全投资项目存在的管理、技术及市场风险进行分析,针对安全投资整个生命周期的多阶段的内在特点,建立煤矿安全投资项目价值评估的动态决策模型,在规避风险的前提下实现项目价值的最大化.同时,考虑煤矿安全投资中煤炭企业投入和政府资助的合理配置与互动博弈,建立动态投资与政府资助决策模型.对模型中参数进行了分析,并进行了仿真分析.模型全面、客观的对煤矿安全投资项目的价值进行了评估,并对政府资助模式和决策进行了剖析.最后,提出了相关的政策建议.为煤矿安全投资和政府资助决策、实现最佳的经济效益和社会效益提供理论和方法论的支持.     

低碳广州：主体角色定位与制度展望

大力发展低碳经济,建设生态城市,是广州作为国家中心城市、珠三角经济区核心城市的新方向、新目标。低碳经济对法制化的内生需求决定了探究相关社会主体在低碳经济中的角色定位对于未来地方低碳经济法制构建的重要意义。以低碳经济中政府、企业、公众三者角色定位为核心论题,结合广州发展实际与第三代环境管理理念,提出低碳广州的理性发展必需有主导的政府、能动的企业、积极的公众参与和监督,三者互相制衡,互相促进。未来广州低碳立法必须以此为基准,全面构建符合社会发展规律的低碳法律体系。