适应性环境管理模式在大型赛事筹备中的应用（上）——管理模式构建

针对我国环境保护行政管理存在的直线式管理、缺乏弹性等问题,将适应性管理的理论和方法引入环境管理领域,提出适应性环境管理的概念和管理模式,通过构建基于AHP（层次分析法）的适应性环境管理绩效评估体系,在环境管理中对各项任务进行跟踪管理和绩效评估,反馈于阶段性目标的制定,从而灵活调整工作方案,最大限度地降低环境管理中的不确定性,保证环境管理总目标的达成.     

省级环境管理部门基础信息网络建设实践与思考

阐述省级环境管理部门基础信息网络建设的重要性及建设应遵循的基本要求,结合实践,讨论设计和实际施工中出现的问题及解决办法,为环境管理部门基础信息网络建设提供有益参考。     

餐厨废弃物资源化利用与政府监管的探讨——以苏州市为例

以苏州市餐厨垃圾管理为例,从资源化处理、市场化运营模式与政府监管的角度出发,通过理论与实践相结合,对中国餐厨废弃物资源化利用的特点和现状进行分析,借鉴国内外先进工艺及管理经验,结合中国实施餐厨废弃物资源化利用和无害化处理地区的实施情况,指出并剖析在餐厨废弃物资源化不同处理模式中存在的问题,提出了加强餐厨废弃物管理的建议方案和对策.     

中国转型期水环境治理中的政府责任研究

水环境问题已成为制约我国长期可持续发展的主要瓶颈.如何有效治理水环境问题已引起全社会的普遍关注.本文在全面分析水环境公共物品属性以及水环境问题的客观现实的基础上,论证了政府承担治理水环境责任的必要性.进而对现阶段政府承担的水环境治理责任进行研究,归纳出其环境治理责任主要有财政责任、制度责任、监管责任和社会整合责任.然后对水环境治理中政府责任存在的现实问题进行深入分析,揭示其问题主要表现为:责任主体边界模糊、责任分布以“行政”为主导、责任履行中“越位”与“缺位”并存、责任种类中重直接投入轻间接引导.最后,提出水环境治理中的政府责任应该在坚持财权与事权统一、政府主导与责任分担统一、制度设计、监管与实施合理分离、政府引导与社会参与相结合的原则基础上,按照分类、分项、分级来构建转型期水环境治理中政府的应然责任框架体系.     

ITERATIVE EVALUATION OF A LAKE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM1

ABSTRACT: Local governments often face environmental problems that cross political boundaries. The onus for solution usually falls on the moat severely affected jurisdiction, others do nothing until impacted. Resolution of these problems requires cooperation across political boundaries which means that local governments must be persuaded first that there is a problem, and second that action is required to solve it. This paper presents a method to supply low cost, credible information that can be used to achieve consensus on problem solution. A case study of a lake water quality management problem is described. Formative evaluation techniques was adapted to provide a minimum of evidence which was then used to persuade less impacted local jurisdictions to cooperate in the problem solution.     

DROUGHT PLANNING: A PROCESS FOR STATE GOVERNMENT1

ABSTRACT: Drought has been a prevalent feature of the American landscape during the latter part of the 1980s, producing serious socioeconomic and environmental consequences. These recent experiences with drought have renewed concern about the inadequacy of federal and state contingency planning efforts and the lack of coordination for assessment and response efforts between these levels of government. This paper presents the results of research aimed at facilitating the preparation of drought contingency plans by state government in conjunction with a state's overall water management planning activity. The ten-step drought plan development process reported is intended to improve mitigation efforts through more timely, effective, and efficient assessment and response activities. Officials in appropriate state agencies should examine the proposed framework and alter it to best address drought-related concerns, adding or deleting elements as necessary.     

Enterprise boards: evolution and critique

There has been a marked proliferation of local economic development initiatives in recent years. Enterprise Boards have proved one of the most successful of these innovations. In the early 1980s five were established. Two, the Greater London and the West Midlands Enterprise Boards, were initially designed to intervene radically within their local economies, although subsequent events moderated their activities. The remaining three in Lancashire, West Yorkshire and Merseyside, have successfully widened their operations to embrace collaborate projects with the private sector, training, boosting co‐operatives, and research. By many economic evaluations, for example, jobs supported, leverage ratios and investment per job, Enterprise Boards have performed better than other instruments of urban and regional development. Wider socio‐political objectives have proved more difficult to achieve.     

Refuse treatment options: a case study

Records in public archives were evaluated for the period 1981-1991. Simple surveys of peoples and of technology and physical premises provided insight to gauge the attitudes of a local community in the Melbourne municipality and the Melbourne City Council towards composting of organic waste materials. There is a lag in perception and attitudes between the local community and the local government towards composting of organic refuse as a solid waste treatment option. The simple methodology of the study still made it possible to verify past and present perceptions and attitudes.     

Landslides, risk and decision-making in Kinnaur District: bridging the gap between science and public opinion

In November 1989 a major landslide destroyed the link road to the village of Sapni in Kinnaur District of Himachal Pradesh in the Indian Himalaya. Although aware of the risk of further landslide activity, the community has campaigned successfully for reconstruction of the road. Decisions of this kind take place at the local level, through village institutions and open debate, with good feedback between villages and district government authorities. In this way a balance is established between meeting more immediate needs (such as domestic water supply, irrigation, road access) and taking acceptable risks. Using the Sapni landslide as a case study, this paper explores the issue of 'acceptable risk', and looks at the existing strategy for risk and disaster reduction in the district.     

我国农业自然灾害与农业政策性保险

在详细分析了我国当前主要农业自然灾害情况的基础上,探讨了通过建立农业政策性保险来应对自然灾害风险的必要性以及我国农业保险目前面临的问题,提出了加大政府支持力度、加快农业保险立法、提高保险意识、加强保险人才培养等方面的政策建议。