如何提高环境监管能力的探讨

针对如何提高环境监管能力的问题,文中介绍了环境监管部门的责任,分析了当前环境监管的现状,探讨了在环境监管中存在的主要问题,主要是在环境监管存在的问题、在环境问责制中存在的问题和在环境执法方面存在的问题,提出了对环境监管措施的建议,是如何提高对环境监管的力度、如何完善对环保政绩的考核和如何建立环境监管的舆论形式,为提高环境监管的能力进行了探究,以利于环境监管部门在环保工作中做出最大的贡献。     

An Interpretive Approach to Developing Volunteer-based Coastal Monitoring Programmes

The concept of sustainable development has highlighted the need to involve those who use a natural resource in helping to manage and maintain it. This has prompted the development of monitoring programmes involving volunteers who collect scientific data on the state of the natural environment. This paper argues that interpretation theory and practice provide a sound basis for the design and implementation of volunteer-based coastal monitoring programmes. Integration of multiple interrelated objectives in programmes relies on sound ‘audience’ research, including planned evaluation procedures. Three case-studies are presented which serve to identify and highlight the benefits of broadening the primary scientific focus of monitoring programmes to include greater consideration of participant motivations, skills and knowledge in the design and delivery of programmes. Discussion in this paper focuses on coastal monitoring programmes but the stated benefits might also be expected when applying this approach to other natural resource monitoring programmes.     

Supporting local climate change adaptation: Where we are and where we need to go

Local governments are on the front line of efforts to address climate-related impacts. Recognizing this, there is a growing movement to develop and deliver tools, resources, and services to support local communities’ climate adaptation initiatives. There is, however, limited understanding of what specific types of resources exist and how well these resources match the needs of local practitioners. To bring clarity to these questions, we: 1) assessed the current landscape of climate-adaptation resources and services; 2) surveyed community practitioners to learn how well these resources align with their needs; and 3) convened leading service providers and local practitioners to identify strategic opportunities for moving the adaptation field forward. Findings demonstrate that existing services and resources are meeting the early phases of local adaptation efforts such as conducting vulnerability assessments and creating adaptation plans, but are failing to meet the needs associated with implementing, monitoring, and evaluating adaptation activities. Additionally, a lack of funding and staff time to support adaptation, as well as inaccessible resource formats are barriers impeding local climate adaptation efforts. The mismatch between the types and formats of services being provided and the needs of local governments means that more work is needed to ensure that climate adaptation resources are responsive to the existing and future needs of local governments. Moreover, our research finds that there is a strong and growing need to organize and streamline the climate adaptation resource and service landscape so that practitioners can easily, effectively, and efficiently access the resources they need to build more resilient local communities.     

试析环境监测工作的基础

要搞好环境监测工作 ,必须解放和发展环境监测生产力 ,履行“政府行为” ,贯彻“稳住一片 ,放开一头”的政策。环境监测工作具有政府行为组成的三种必备要素和五个特点 ;“稳住一片 ,放开一头”是因为环境监测所具有的本质属性、社会属性和法律属性     

旅游公共服务市场化与政府的作用研究

旅游公共服务是我国公共服务建设的基本领域,也是一个需要逐步完善的系统。旅游公共服务市场化,是顺应旅游行政改革和建设服务型政府的内在要求。结合旅游公共服务的实践,在分析旅游公共服务市场化的内涵、可行性以及旅游公共服务市场化条件和效率的基础上,提出旅游公共服务市场化的途径选择,最后探讨了政府在旅游公共服务市场化过程中应发挥的作用。     

中国水资源管理博弈特征分析

随着中国水资源匮乏和水污染态势日益严峻．建立一个面向效率和公平的水资源管理机制的需求日益凸现。本文在比较传统行政模式和市场模式下水权管理不同特征的基础上,分别从静态和动态两个角度．从水量和水质两个维度分析了两种模式下的水用户博弈特征。结果表明：政府管制会出现“政府失灵”。无法实现政府和水用户之间的激励相容;在完全市场机制配置情况下,由于个人和集体理性的不一致,会导致水资源被过度污染、治污的公共产品提供不足等“市场失灵”,基于不同模式下各自的利与弊,无论哪一种单纯的管理模式都不能满足水资源的可持续发展要求。认为中国水资源管理需要把水量和水质、政府管制与市场机制两种配置方式的优势相结合,提出了一种准市场水权交易机制分析框架。     

Economic and Political Factors that Lead to the Budget Deficit in Hong Kong from 1998 to 2003

Abstract

Despite the adverse impact of the budget deficit in Hong Kong has been alleviated since the economic recovery from 2003, the fiscal deficit may return when there is another downturn in the economy if the problem is not handled fundamentally. Based on the economic and political situation from 1998 to 2003, the factors that lead to the budget deficit in Hong Kong are analyzed in four perspectives, including (a) increase in public expenditure; (b) decrease in public revenues; (c) poor management of public money and (d) weak administration. With a better understanding on these factors, possible solutions to the fiscal problem faced by the government may be developed.     

长江三角洲区域经济发展的新趋向

论述了长江三角洲区域经济发展的四大新趋向,即①从行政区经济到都市圈经济。行政区经济与都市圈经济在运行环境、运行机制、运行目标、运行方式、调控手段等方面存在显著差别,都市圈经济发展模式更适应区域经济一体化发展需要;②从隔江单侧发展到跨江双侧协同发展。如上海、苏南和杭州,都在大力推进跨江发展战略;③从外向型经济或民营经济到两者融合的区域特色经济。经济国际化和民营化相互结合、外地资本和本地资本相互渗透已成为该区域经济发展的重要特色;④从权力型政府到服务型政府。如上海的“服务高地”、苏南的理性执政、浙江的“无为而治”等。     

既有建筑节能改造市场动力机制研究概况

从系统整体出发,基于既有建筑节能改造市场发展研究全面规划视角,架构了总括、ESCO驱动力作用机理、政府作用力实施机理、总结四大模块、两大篇共10章的层次体系。结果发现:ESCO驱动力以作用效益为导向,以运行实践与行为规律、作用影响机理、ESCO驱动策略、效益评价与优化策略为核心要素,是内在动力;政府作用力以有效性为基准,以运行特征与政府行为、影响机理与博弈策略、实施影响机理与有效性评价、实施策略为核心要素,是外在动力。在揭示既有建筑节能改造市场动力机制的基础上,提出未来研究发展趋势。     

Risk and the neoliberal state: why post-Mitch lessons didn't reduce El Salvador's earthquake losses

Although El Salvador suffered light losses from Hurricane Mitch in 1998, it benefited from the increased international aid and encouragement for advance planning, especially mitigation and prevention interventions. Thus, one would have supposed, El Salvador would have been in a very advantageous position, able more easily than its economically crippled neighbours, Honduras and Nicaragua, to implement the 'lessons of Mitch'. A review of the recovery plan tabled by the El Salvador government following the earthquakes of early 2001 shows that despite the rhetoric in favour of 'learning the lessons of Mitch', very little mitigation and prevention had actually been put in place between the hurricane (1998) and the earthquakes (2001). The recovery plan is analysed in terms of the degree to which it deals with root causes of disaster vulnerability, namely, the economic and political marginality of much of the population and environmental degradation. An explanation for the failure to implement mitigation and preventive actions is traced to the adherence by the government of El Salvador to an extreme form of neoliberal, free market ideology, and the deep fissures and mistrust in a country that follow a long and bloody civil war.