Rights,Standards and Quality in a Complex Humanitarian Space: Is Sphere the Right Tool?

The Sphere Project (consisting of both the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards for Disaster Response) has made prominent contributions to the debates, thinking and work on the quality of assistance and accountability of aid agencies. However, since its inception in 1997, several agencies expressed concerns regarding Sphere's approach, many of which were confirmed by the Sphere evaluation (2002/3). The present article restates these concerns, and addresses more fundamental issues regarding Sphere's cornerstone. It questions the validity of Sphere's rights-based approach, which consists of a tenuous link between the rights of affected populations and standards for technical interventions. Sphere is founded on "the right to assistance", although this right does not exist in international law. Its elaboration would entail solving several complex legal and political issues, which Sphere fails to address. This article also questions the validity and usefulness of universal standards for technical performance in helping relief agencies provide adapted assistance to disaster-affected populations, in line with their mandates and principles. It suggests that Sphere's approach and content largely reflect the concerns, priorities and values of technical professionals in Northern agencies, leaving limited space to genuine "participation" by affected populations and partners from the South.     

循环经济建设中的政府职能与企业社会责任

《中华人民共和国循环经济促进法》的颁布和实施,标志着我国经济发展进入了一个新的阶段。对政府职能提出了。些新的要求漫企业也将承担相应的社会责任。承担社会责任的能力也将成为企业核心竞争力的一部分。     

规划环评公众参与方法应用的探讨

介绍了规划环评中公众参与常用的方法,并分析了公众参与常用方法的特点,从公众参与的实施过程探讨了规划环评中开展公众参与时应关注的问题,重点介绍了论证会的应用情况。     

公众参与在城市总体规划战略环评中的应用与思考

概述了城市总体规划战略环评中公众参与的内涵、目的、意义等内容,并以大理市城市总体规划修编战略环境评价为例,阐述了公众参与在该项目中的作用,提出了提高公众参与有效性的相关建议。     

Shifting regime shifted policy—interplay of interests in sustainability discourses of forest land use

This study investigates the influence of policy interests on resource sustainability. Information on ‘colonial interest’ of the British regime and the ‘commercial interest’ of the post-colonial regimes on forest land use of Bangladesh have been drawn on to show the interplay of interests on sustainability impacts. The findings show that both colonial and commercial interests have caused intensification of forest land use for production of economic crops like teak (Tectona grandis) and cash crops like tea (Camellia sinensis), cotton (Gossypium herbaceum and G. arboreum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The ‘colonial interest’ has also initiated the dispute of ownership, rights and tenure of forest land and resources. The post-colonial regimes have utilized colonial legacy as the privilege for implementing ‘commercial interests’. In both the cases traditional interests of people were disregarded. As a result, peoples’ participation in forestry was discouraged and the sustainability of forest land use was impeded.     

区域环境监测预警体系建设框架研究

建设环境监测预警体系是提升环境监测和管理能力的要求.环境监测预警体系功能的实现需要依赖基础风险信息、监测体系和预警体系、信息发布系统以及相应的应对措施等功能模块,而建设区域环境监测预警体系则需要将功能模块落实到支撑层、监测层、咨询层和服务层等的建设中,完成包括体制机制建设、法规法制建设、装备能力建设、人才队伍建设、信息系统建设、咨询功能建设、公众决策服务等一系列建设任务.     

环保税制的新思考

政府在环保领域扮演着重要的角色,税收体制则通过引导政府行为而间接影响着一个地方的环境建设。存量税与流量税是从税种性质方面对税收体系的划分。站在环保的角度看,两者对不同层级政府具有不同的导向作用：存量税更能促使政府着力于环境保护,而流量税则更能引导政府倾向于GDP增长。对不同税制模型下的博弈分析表面,流量税归上级政府征收,而存量税归下级政府征收的税收设计更有利于经济与环保的协调发展。     

战略环境影响评价中公众参与方法研究与案例分析

公众参与有效性是衡量战略环境影响评价质量的一个重要指标,它对于提高环境管理水平具有重要的意义。本文在对比项目环境影响评价的基础上,系统阐述了战略环境影响评价公众参与的内容、对象、方式、时机、实施主体、数据处理及信息反馈,初步建立了战略环境影响评价公众参与的方法与体系,并结合典型案例进行了战略环境影响评价公众参与的过程分析。     

深圳市环境信息公开和公众参与管理实践与对策

环境信息公开和公众参与已经成为一种重要的环境管理辅助手段,深圳市立足城市之先,在立法和执法方面开展了一系列实践工作,并积累了一定的经验和教训。在研究深圳市环境信息公开和公众参与管理现状的基础上,结合实践中存在的焦点和难点问题,以提高公民环境知情权和参与权的落实水平为目标,从观念、立法、技术指引和参与形式等方面提出政策建议,为深圳市环境信息公开与公众参与管理实践提供了较好的理论和实践探索。     

中美环保NGO发展比较及对中国的启示

环保NGO是政府环境保护部门的有益补充,是推进公众参与、构建和谐社会的重要力量。中国环保NGO发展历史较短,从数量、从业人数、组织能力等方面与发展更为完善的美国相比都有较大差距。通过分析两国环保NGO的发展情况,着重对比两国在注册、筹资、社会影响等方面的情况,指出中国需要吸收国外先进经验,从政府、组织自身及社会三个层面不断完善中国环保NGO的发展。