构建责任政府推进我国可持续政府采购

可持续政府采购是全球推进可持续发展的重要手段,是推进社会责任的重要举措之一,已成为当今政府采购制度的国际新取向,也是我国目前全面落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会、贯彻实施资源节约型、环境友好型和社会和谐型的可持续发展战略的重要措施之一,但同时也有可能成为国际政府采购市场中新的贸易壁垒。面对国际社会可持续政府采购发展态势,我国应该:第一,积极参与和全面把握全球可持续政府采购发展趋势,高度关注和积极推进发展中国家促进可持续政府采购的优先领域。第二,完善相关法律法规。第三,建立健全可持续政府采购技术标准体系,第四,公布政府采购行为,完善管理监督机制,构建责任政府和责任企业的价值体系。     

浅谈环境保护法律中的公众参与

环境问题日益严峻,越来越多的人开始关注环境,环保热情急剧上升.作为制度安排的环境保护公众参与法律制度,应贯穿于环境法律实施的全过程.     

论企业参与污染物排放标准制定的法律保障

企业参与污染物排放标准的制定是提高标准实效性的手段,问题在于怎样的法律设置才能保障企业参与的权利同时规制企业的参与行为。文章首先论证得出法律保障企业参与的必要性,即通过立法保障企业的参与符合国内外参与型行政理论;具有提高排放标准的制定效率、减少企业参与负面影响的现实必要性;同时有助于将标准行政主管部门与企业间的利益权衡前置,增强标准制定的针对性和可操作性。文章同时分析了实现企业有效参与对相关立法的应然要求及我国现行法律规制不同程度的缺失;企业参与阶段、征求意见的执行、排放标准制定过程的监督机制等方面存在的问题,并最终提出以完善标准化法及相关管理办法为途径,充分保障企业的参与权利、程序性规制其参与行为、明确各参与主体的法律责任、完善司法救济和配套制度等立法建议。     

浙江省企业排污权交易参与意愿的影响因素研究

利用浙江省223家排污企业的调研数据,对企业排污权交易参与意愿的影响因素进行了定量分析.研究表明,相对于行政规制压力,优惠政策更能显著的提升企业参与排污权交易的积极性;企业管理者的政策认知是企业参与排污权交易重要的影响因素,舆论监督也能提升企业的参与意愿;企业组织对企业的参与意愿具有显著的负面影响.为推动排污权交易政策的实施,加强宣传教育、制定优惠政策、发挥行业协会等企业组织的正向桥梁作用是提高企业参与意愿的可行的选择.     

安全管理者的威权领导对矿工安全行为的影响研究

探讨威权领导对矿工安全行为的影响关系,以及心理安全感在二者之间的调节作用,对进行矿工安全行为管理有帮助。设计了包含威权领导、安全行为和心理安全感的调查问卷,采用回归分析方法,通过对235名矿工的调查问卷分析,结果显示:威权领导在煤矿企业中普遍存在,并对矿工安全行为有显著影响,其中对安全服从行为有正向影响,对安全参与行为有负向影响;心理安全感在威权领导与安全行为的影响中具有显著调节作用。其中,心理安全感的高低在威权领导对安全服从行为的正向影响中有缓慢提升作用,但在威权领导与安全参与行为的负向影响中有加速降低作用。该结论丰富了矿工安全行为的研究视角,为煤矿企业安全生产管理实践提供参考。     

建设项目环境影响评价中公众参与的研究

公众参与是环境影响评价中的一项重要工作,目的在于发现潜在环境问题,提高环境影响评价的科学性和针对性,切实维护公众合法的环境权益.现阶段环境影响评价中的公众参与制度并不成熟,仍待于进一步研究、探讨和完善;本文根据建设项目环境影响评价公众参与相关实践,针对公众参与的范围、时机、形式、内容及存在问题进行了简要的分析,为建设项目环境影响评价公众参与制度研究提供参考.     

Landowner Motivations for Civic Engagement in Water Resource Protection

Scholars and water resource professionals recognize citizens must get involved in water resource issues to protect water resources. Yet questions persist on how to motivate community members to get and stay civically involved in nonpoint source pollution issues, given that problems are often ill‐defined. To be successful, interventions intended to engage individuals in collective action must be based on an understanding of the determinants of public‐sphere behavior. The purpose of this study is to explore the psycho‐social factors which influence landowner civic engagement in water resource protection. Data were collected using a self‐administered mail survey of landowners in the Cannon River Watershed and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Study findings suggest landowners are more likely to be civically engaged in water resource issues if they feel a personal obligation to take civic action and perceive they have the ability to protect water resources. Landowners who believe water resource protection is a local responsibility, perceive important others expect them to protect water resources, and believe they have the ability to protect water resources are more likely to feel a sense of obligation to take civic action. A combination of strategies including civic engagement programs addressing barriers to landowner engagement will be most effective for promoting civic engagement in water resource protection.     

Disaster governance and community resilience: reflections on Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan

Typhoon Morakot triggered flooding and mudslides in various areas and devastated Aboriginal villages located near areas under construction by the Water Diversion Project in Kaohsiung County. This paper examines the controversy surrounding Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan from the perspective of disaster governance. This study provides competing perspectives regarding who was responsible for causing the disaster. Post-disaster reconstruction initiatives by the government tend to adopt a technical approach to risk, and do not incorporate the complex social and cultural dimensions of vulnerability and sustainability. This perspective reflects misrecognition problems, and the lack of empowerment and participation in governance by residents, as well as their exclusion in decision making. Aboriginal civic groups have various methods of interacting with local residents to alleviate the suffering of survivors, promoting tribal culture and building resilient communities. This continuing development of social interactions and new forms of engagement will effectuate transformation and contribute to broader reflections on the Morakot disaster and social capability and building resilience.     

Key actor perspectives on stakeholder engagement in Omani Environmental Impact Assessment: an application of Q-Methodology

Stakeholder engagement (SE), particularly with representatives of locally affected communities, is integral to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) processes, so critical evaluation of SE is necessary across a range of different socio-political contexts. EIA SE practice in the Sultanate of Oman is examined using Q-Methodology, a qualitative-quantitative discourse analysis technique, in order to evaluate key-actor perspectives and policy directions. Four discourses emerge, pertaining to (1) the institutionalisation of SE; (2) business as usual; (3) rights-centred engagement; and (4) decentralisation of EIA institutions. Consensus emerges that shows support for transparency and formalisation of SE; greater citizen-centred decision-making power; transparency in government guidelines; and the elimination of developer-led consultation processes. Policy options for reforming EIA policy are discussed, including a code of participation practice and a toolkit of suitable engagement methods.     

Translating strong principles into effective practice: environmental assessment in Ontario,Canada

This paper examines two fundamental and inter-related tensions relating to environmental assessment between the desire to be proactive, promoting sustainable development and the more traditional practice of preventing harm, as well as the need to balance a predictable, expeditious and efficient process with transparency and inclusive deliberation. Proposed reforms to the environmental assessment process in Ontario, Canada, are examined as a case in point, showing how the recommendations in Ontario are consistent with international trends. In particular, over-arching principles need to be embedded in more precise sector-specific policies to enable environmental assessment processes to meet these competing goals.