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731.
Elaine Jeffreys Jian Xu 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2018,12(5):575-588
This paper examines the nexus of coal–government–society relations in present-day China using a governmentality approach to explore the interactions between policy change, “crisis” management and social action. It outlines the noticeable shift in government rationalities and communication regarding the coal industry in recent years. It then frames this shift within the broader context of government–society relations focusing on public debate regarding the calamitous nature of China’s air pollution and its filtering via the censorship apparatus of the Communist Party-state. Finally, it shows how problems relating to coal extraction and combustion have been taken up at the level of grass-roots protest and philanthropic advocacy. An examination of such activism illustrates the crucial role played by digital media networks in sparking debate on coal-related environmental and health crises, and in pushing an authoritarian government to change national coal and other policies in order to maintain social and political stability. 相似文献
732.
Current approaches to deal with the socio-economic implications of climate change rely heavily on economic models that compare costs and benefits of different measures. We show that the theoretical foundations underpinning current approaches to economic modelling of climate change are inappropriate for the type of questions that are being asked. We argue therefore that another tradition of modelling, social simulation, is more appropriate in dealing with the complex environmental problems we face today. 相似文献
733.
The use of brainstorming techniques for the generation of conceptual models, as the basis for the integrated management of physical-ecological-social systems (PHES-systems) is tested and discussed. The methodology is applied in the analysis of the Aysén fjord and watershed (Southern Chilean Coast). Results show that the proposed methods can be adequately used in management scenarios characterized by highly hierarchical, experts/non-experts membership. 相似文献
734.
There are always conflicting goals in the management of large water courses. However, by involving stakeholders actively in the planning and decision-making processes, it is possible to work together toward commonly acceptable solutions. In this article, we describe how we applied interactive multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) in a collaborative process which aimed at an ecologically, socially, and economically sustainable water course regulation policy. The stakeholders' opinions about the alternative regulation schemes and the relative importance of their impacts were elicited with the HIPRE software. Altogether, 20 personal interactive decision analysis interviews (DAIs) were carried out with the stakeholders. Our experience suggests that the DAIs can considerably improve the quality and efficiency of the collaborative planning process. By improving communication and understanding of the decision situation in the steering group, the approach helped to develop a consensus solution in a case having strong conflicts of interest. In order to gain the full benefits of the MCDA approach, interactive preference elicitation is vital. It is also essential to integrate the approach tightly into the planning and decision-making process. The project's home pages are available to the public at http://www.paijanne.hut.fi/. 相似文献
735.
Local Institutional Development and Organizational Change for Advancing Sustainable Urban Water Futures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Brown RR 《Environmental management》2008,41(2):221-233
This paper presents the local institutional and organizational development insights from a five-year ongoing interdisciplinary
research project focused on advancing the implementation of sustainable urban water management. While it is broadly acknowledged
that the inertia associated with administrative systems is possibly the most significant obstacle to advancing sustainable
urban water management, contemporary research still largely prioritizes investigations at the technological level. This research
is explicitly concerned with critically informing the design of methodologies for mobilizing and overcoming the administrative
inertia of traditional urban water management practice. The results of fourteen in-depth case studies of local government
organizations across Metropolitan Sydney primarily reveal that (i) the political institutionalization of environmental concern
and (ii) the commitment to local leadership and organizational learning are key corporate attributes for enabling sustainable
management. A typology of five organizational development phases has been proposed as both a heuristic and capacity benchmarking
tool for urban water strategists, policy makers, and decision makers that are focused on improving the level of local implementation
of sustainable urban water management activity. While this investigation has focused on local government, these findings do
provide guideposts for assessing the development needs of future capacity building programs across a range of different institutional
contexts. 相似文献
736.
Citizen Participation in Collaborative Watershed Partnerships 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Collaborative efforts are increasingly being used to address complex environmental problems, both in the United States and
abroad. This is especially true in the growing field of collaborative watershed management, where diverse stakeholders work
together to develop and advance water-quality goals. Active citizen participation is viewed as a key component, yet groups
often struggle to attract and maintain citizen engagement. This study examined citizen participation behavior in collaborative
watershed partnerships by way of a written survey administered to citizen members of 12 collaborative watershed groups in
Ohio. Results for the determination of who joins such groups were consistent with the dominant-status model of participation
because group members were not demographically representative of the broader community. The dominant-status model, however,
does not explain which members are more likely to actively participate in group activities. Instead, individual characteristics,
including political activity, knowledge, and comfort in sharing opinions with others, were positively correlated with active
participation. In addition, group characteristics, including government-based membership, rural location, perceptions of open
communication, perceptions that the group has enough technical support to accomplish its goals, and perceived homogeneity
of participant opinions, were positively correlated with active participation. Overall, many group members did not actively
participate in group activities. 相似文献
737.
738.
Program stakeholders are interested in better understanding farmers' experience, and factors that affect farmer participation in the relatively new Environmental Farm Plan (EFP) program, implemented in several provinces in Canada. To increase relevance of the research findings to EFP program administrators and policy makers, the research methods emphasised determining whether relationships exist among program-related variables, and how such relationships affect farmers' decision choices and behaviour. Traditional farmer and farm attributes that have contrasting effects in agricultural innovation adoption and conservation management (namely age, and formal education completed), were not associated with EFP program participation. Farm income, years of farming experience, and type of agribusiness managed were associated with participation in the Nova Scotia EFP program. Although program participants tended to have higher incomes, overall, non-financial considerations dominated monetary considerations in Nova Scotia farmers' reasons for participating in the Nova Scotia EFP. Helping to publicize positive farm stewardship practices was reported as the most important reason for participating in the EFP scheme, followed by its use to help improve relationships with non-farming neighbours, and to comply with government environmental regulations. In contrast, and somewhat a surprising finding, minimizing potential farm environmental risk, program administrators' raison d'être for promoting the NS EFP, was ranked the lowest, with no respondent rating that as a "very important" or "extremely important" reason for participating in the EFP program. 相似文献
739.
740.
Sara Edge 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2009,52(3):279-295
The quest for sustainable communities might be fostered by a new ‘place-based’ governing approach that engages civil society and other actors in local decision-making processes. In Canada, lessons can be learned from the establishment and maintenance of biosphere reserves by networks of local communities of interests and other organisations. Biosphere reserves are created to promote conservation, biodiversity and sustainable livelihoods. Municipal and public participation in these reserves can be encouraged, promoting a local sense of place as well as sustainable community and regional development. An examination of two Canadian biosphere reserves, Riding Mountain and Long Point, illustrates how local governments and these reserves might assist each other in their mutual goals of long-term sustainability while offering a worthwhile model of local collaborative, place-based governance. 相似文献