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871.
Implementing Participatory Decision Making in Forest Planning 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ananda J 《Environmental management》2007,39(4):534-544
Forest policy decisions are often a source of debate, conflict, and tension in many countries. The debate over forest land-use
decisions often hinges on disagreements about societal values related to forest resource use. Disagreements on social value
positions are fought out repeatedly at local, regional, national, and international levels at an enormous social cost. Forest
policy problems have some inherent characteristics that make them more difficult to deal with. On the one hand, forest policy
decisions involve uncertainty, long time scales, and complex natural systems and processes. On the other hand, such decisions
encompass social, political, and cultural systems that are evolving in response to forces such as globalization. Until recently,
forest policy was heavily influenced by the scientific community and various economic models of optimal resource use. However,
growing environmental awareness and acceptance of participatory democracy models in policy formulation have forced the public
authorities to introduce new participatory mechanisms to manage forest resources. Most often, the efforts to include the public
in policy formulation can be described using the lower rungs of Arnstein’s public participation typology. This paper presents
an approach that incorporates stakeholder preferences into forest land-use policy using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).
An illustrative case of regional forest-policy formulation in Australia is used to demonstrate the approach. It is contended
that applying the AHP in the policy process could considerably enhance the transparency of participatory process and public
acceptance of policy decisions. 相似文献
872.
政府承担生态环境损害赔偿责任的理论基础是政府对环境质量负责,政府对环境质量负责的实质是政府作为公共环境的管理者和控制者对维护公共环境利益所负担的安全保障义务。根据政府的环境安全保障义务,政府承担生态环境损害赔偿责任应以过错推定为归责原则,责任构成的核心是政府负有其职责范围内特定的环境安全保障义务,因未尽环境安全保障义务间接引发生态环境损害。由于政府未尽环境安全保障义务的行为并非直接也并不必然导致生态环境损害,所以政府一般仅根据自身行为的可责性及其程度对生态环境损害承担补充性的赔偿责任,只有在特殊情况下才承担连带赔偿责任,在政府不负有特定环境安全保障义务的情况下政府不承担赔偿责任。 相似文献
873.
聂立民 《防灾科技学院学报》2006,8(3):96-97
共同做好防震减灾工作,政府各职能部门要各司其职,各负其责仅靠领导重视及部门之间的密切配合还不够,必须用相应的制度做保证。还要通过不断的加强宣传,在各级领导的思想中树立起“经济建设与防震减灾工作同等重要”的观念。 相似文献
874.
/ Implemented in the context of a long history ofintense public debate, forestry practices applied on private forest land areregulated in some form by 38 states. State regulatory activities can involvemany agencies implementing numerous regulatory laws, a single forestry agencyadministering a comprehensive regulatory program, or a combination of thetwo. Regulatory programs are designed to protect resources such as soils,water, wildlife, and scenic beauty. Program administration often involvesrule promulgation, harvest plan reviews, coordination of interagency reviews,and pre- and postharvest on-site inspections. Forest practice rules usuallyfocus on reforestation, forest roads, harvest procedures, and wildlifehabitat protection. Emerging regulatory trends include growth of multiagencyregulatory authority and associated jurisdictional conflicts, increasedtendencies to narrowly specify standards in statutes and rules, emergence ofcontingent regulations, growing sensitivity to processes enabling theadoption of new forest practice technologies and an ability to addresscumulative effects, interest in collaborative rule-making stemming fromheightened concern over legalization of administration processes, and growingconcern over the constitutional foundations for regulatory programs and thegovernment and private sector cost of implementing such programs.KEY WORDS: Ecosystem management; Forestry practices; Private landowners;Regulatory programs; State government 相似文献
875.
876.
推广生活垃圾分类收集与资源化利用有助于促进资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设.本文综述了我国生活垃圾分类发展历程;收集了国家和地方在推广生活垃圾分类过程中所做的工作;提炼出了生活垃圾分类过程中还存在的障碍和瓶颈;并给出了相应的对策.本文分析表明,我国生活垃圾分类经历了开始(20世纪90年代)、试点探索(2000~2015年)和快速发展(2016年至今)3个阶段.目前国家和地方正逐步采用可操作性强的垃圾分类方法、融合互联网+的宣传方式、实用性的法规章程、完善的分类收集-分类运输-分类处理循环链来推进生活垃圾分类,甚至生活垃圾分类工作还逐步向市场化方向发展.我国将走出一条切实可行、可复制、可推广的高效生活垃圾分类模式.后期加强全民参与及大众自觉回收的责任意识、出台更细化具体、操作性强的实施方案、重视学校儿童的垃圾分类教育、充分利用国内拾荒人员,对快速推进我国生活垃圾分类进程具有重要意义. 相似文献
877.
Gray PA Duwors E Villeneuve M Boyd S Legg D 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,86(1-2):129-147
In recognition of the many values that people ascribe to nature, federal, provincial, and territorial agencies worked inpartnership to complete the 'Survey on the Importance of Natureto Canadians' (SINC) in 1981, 1987, 1991, and 1996. Between 1981 and 1996, more than 80% of Canadians 15 years of age and older engaged in one or more nature-related activities. This paper describes the evolution of this cooperative monitoring program, defines a classification system as a context for the values examined by the SINC, highlights trends of some nature-related recreational activities measured by the survey, and comments onthe importance of this information to Canadians. 相似文献
878.
Kristan Cockerill Howard Passell Vince Tidwell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(2):457-471
As freshwater resources become more scarce and water management becomes more contentious, new planning approaches are essential to maintain ecologic, economic, and social stability. One technique involves cooperative modeling in which scientists and stakeholders work together to develop a computer simulation model to assist in planning efforts. In the Middle Rio Grande region of New Mexico, where water management is hotly debated, a stakeholder team used a system dynamics approach to create a computer simulation model to facilitate producing a regional plan. While the model itself continues to be valuable, the process for creating the model was also valuable in helping stakeholders jointly develop understanding of and approaches to addressing complex issues. In this paper, the authors document results from post‐project interviews designed to identify strengths and weaknesses of cooperative modeling; to determine if and how the model facilitated the planning process; and to solicit advice for others considering model aided planning. Modeling team members revealed that cooperative modeling did facilitate water planning. Interviewees suggested that other groups try to reach consensus on a guiding vision or philosophy for their project and recognize that cooperative modeling is time intensive. The authors also note that using cooperative modeling as a tool to build bridges between science and the public requires consistent communication about both the process and the product. 相似文献
879.
Amy C. Lewis Joanne Hilton Robert Vocke 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(3):635-643
ABSTRACT: The population in the Jemez y Sangre Water Planning Region of New Mexico has reached the point at which the demand for water exceeds available supplies, particularly when precipitation is below average, as has frequently occurred in recent years. The desire to develop a sustainable water supply that relies on renewable supplies in wet years and preserves the water in storage for times of drought motivated a diverse set of stakeholders in the region to participate in regional water planning. The planning effort culminated in development of the Jemez y Sangre Regional Water Plan, which was adopted by municipal and county governments in the region. The plan assesses and compares water supply and demand in the region and recommends alternatives for protecting and restoring the existing water supply and addressing the pending gap between supply and demand anticipated by the year 2060. To convey to decision makers the alternatives available to solve the future water shortage, option charts were developed to portray the amount of water that could be obtained or conserved through their implementation. The option charts show that the projected gap between supply and demand cannot be met through one alternative only, but will require a combination of alternatives. 相似文献
880.