Geno- and Phenogeographic Analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. Populations along the Transect Extending from the Northern to Southern Boundary of the Species Range

Nei's genetic distances (Nei, 1972, 1978) between 12 Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations were determined using isozyme analysis. The gradients of these distances along the 1500-km meridional transect in the Transural Region and Northern Turgai from the pre-forest-tundra subzone (the Synya River basin) to the southern steppe (the Naurzumskii forest) were calculated. We discovered that the genetic distance gradients (GDGs) progressively increase in the direction from the northern boundary of the range to the southern boundary of the forest-steppe zone and sharply increase in the insular forests growing in the steppe zone. The results of cluster analysis and Mahalanobis distance gradients with respect to a set of morphological characters of the cones provide evidence that Scotch pine populations of the forest zone share somewhat the same gene pool, whereas the group of Scotch pine populations in the insular forests of Northern Turgai is obviously differentiated phenogenetically from the insular forests of the Tobol region, which grow farther to the north.     

黄土山区冲沟地形对桥梁桩基有效桩长影响研究∗

为全面了解黄土山区冲沟地形对桥梁桩基有效长度的影响,在对山西省典型黄土山区桥梁下部全面调查的基础上,依据黄土地区现场桩基静载试验,应用FLAC^3D建立黄土山区地形桥梁桩基有限差分模型,分析了不同坡度、临坡距、桩长变化对桩基有效桩长的影响,揭示了桩基承载力、桩侧摩阻力、桩端阻力及有效桩长变化规律,并依据计算结果提出相关工程技术建议。研究结果表明：一定桩长时,斜坡坡度、临坡距变化对桩侧摩阻力产生不同程度影响,对桩端阻力影响不大;坡度越大,临坡距越小,桩侧摩阻力减小幅度越显著,最大为70.89%;坡度较小、临坡距较大时,增长桩长使桩侧摩阻力从95.99%提高至99.71%;桩侧摩阻力变化的根本原因是桩基有效长度发生改变,桩基有效桩长折减程度同斜坡坡度及桩基临坡距有关,与桩长无关;建立的桩基有效长度计算公式可为黄土山区冲沟地形条件桩基础设计提供技术借鉴。     

Physical and chemical characteristics of waste activated sludge treated with electric field

This study investigates the physical and chemical characteristics of sludge treated with controlled levels of electric field. The results indicated that the potential gradient and contact time strongly influenced the physical and chemical characteristics of sludge. Based on the settling velocity measurements, a potential gradient of 6 V/cm with a treatment time of 10 min is recommended as an optimal condition for improving sludge settling. For sludge disintegration, applying a higher potential gradient and a longer treatment time to the sludge are more efficient than applying lower levels. The results of the experiments presented here show that an electric field not only disintegrates sludge and destroys microbial cells but also removes and solubilizes organic substances. Possible mechanisms of electric field treatment are also discussed.     

攀钢选钛厂主流程工艺流程优化研究

分析了选钛厂主流程生产现状,针对工艺中存在的问题,根据新设备、新技术在选钛厂的成功实践,提出了优化工艺流程思路,减少了不安全因素和产尘点,以提高主流程重选作业收率,增加选钛厂钛精矿产量.     

雨强和坡度对裸地径流颗粒物及磷素流失的影响

采用人工模拟降雨的方法,研究了不同雨强（0~100mm/h）和坡度（0°~10°）条件下,北方砂壤土裸地降雨径流中颗粒物（SS）、总磷（TP）、颗粒态磷（PP）的流失量及径流污染物之间的相关关系,并分析了雨强和坡度对污染物流失量的影响.研究结果表明,雨强和坡度越大,SS和TP流失量越大;径流中SS与TP、TP与PP的单位面积流失量呈显著线性相关关系（R²>0.946）;在实验条件范围内,雨强对颗粒物及磷素流失量的影响比坡度更显著;径流中颗粒物及磷素单位面积流失量与雨强、坡度及场降雨径流总量之间均有明显的线性关系,相关系数大于0.911,由于0°裸地和有坡度裸地的下渗及产流情况差异较大,在模拟雨强和坡度对颗粒物及磷素流失量影响时需分别考虑.结果可为我国北方砂壤土裸地径流中颗粒物及磷素单位面积流失量的估算提供计算方法和科学依据.     

基于区域梯度式学习情景的长江经济带环境治理研究

长江经济带作为国家重大战略,面临开发与保护的巨大挑战,构建科学、高效的生态环境保护机制为其保驾护航成为重中之重。作为一个流域式生态共同体,区域统筹协调下的生态环境保护和治理是根本关键。本研究导入区域协同治理理念,提出构建梯度式渐进学习环境协同治理框架,并采用数据进行长江经济带环境污染治理的多情景测度与评价实证检验了梯度间以及梯度内部的环境保护与污染治理协调机制的潜在影响。最终,从中央、区域和地方三个层面提出梯度式学习视野下长江经济带环境治理策略。     

庐山不同海拔森林土壤中重金属含量分析

为阐明庐山森林土壤重金属含量及沿海拔梯度的分布特征,在庐山的南、北坡按200 m的高差分别选择6个和5个不同海拔采样点,分层(0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm)采集土样,测定了土壤Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb含量以及土壤基本理化性质。结果表明:对照我国土壤环境质量一级标准,庐山表层土壤Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd含量普遍超标,且北坡污染程度比南坡更重,其综合污染指数最高达2.54。随着海拔高度的增加,南坡Cu、Pb和Zn污染程度加重,而北坡未表现出这一变化规律。土壤重金属在剖面上的垂直分布是随着土层深度的增加而递减,证实了土壤重金属的污染主要来源于外部,而非成土母质。