浅谈在环评中获取河流底坡坡降(比降)的方法

环评中预测纳污河流混合过程段长度时需获取底坡比降值,常用方法有水文资料获取法、水位线测算法、等高线测算法和曼宁公式反推法,几种方法均有局限。推荐一种用海拔表测量水位法测算Ⅰ值,简便适用,也较为准确。     

DGGE/TGGE方法在土壤微生物群落研究中的应用

变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)或温度梯度凝胶电泳(TGGE)已成为环境微生物学领城比较微生物群落多样性和检测种群动力学的重要分子手段,本文介绍了DGGE/TGGE方法在土壤微生物群落研究中的应用进展及存在的缺陷,并提出了改进建议.     

四川盆地大气边界层风速廓线探讨

本文总结有关四川盆地大气边界层风场特征研究成果,对其风速特征、边界层风速廓线进行探讨。结果表明,四川盆地具有风速小,且风速垂直梯度亦小的特征;风速随高度分布基本遵循经验爱克曼螺线,这一经验公式可在四川盆地内推广应用。     

高梯度磁分离技术在饮用水处理中的研究与应用

概述了国内外对高梯度磁分离技术在饮用水处理中的研究应用状况及其优点，并展望了该技术在饮用水处理中的应用前景。     

燃煤脱硫磁分离技术的研究与应用

概述了高梯度磁分离技术在燃煤脱硫除灰方面的应用与研究进展，以及超导磁分离技术在燃煤脱硫方面的研究，并展望了超导磁分离技术在环境保护中的应用前景。     

利用RAPD标记分析卧龙自然保护区不同海拔沙棘种群的遗传变异

从1800m到3400m五个海拔连续取样,用RAPD分子标记研究了卧龙自然保护区中国沙棘种群的遗传结构和遗传变异.用11条寡核苷酸引物,扩增得到151个重复性好的位点,其中143个多态位点,多态率达94.7%.在5个沙棘种群中,总遗传多样性值(HT)为0.289,B种群内的遗传多样性值为0.315,这完全符合沙棘这种多年生、远交的木本植物高遗传变异的特性.5个种群内遗传多样性随海拔升高呈低—高—低变异趋势,在2200m海拔处的B种群遗传多样性达最大值0.315,3400m海拔处的E种群则表现最小,仅0.098.5个种群间的遗传分化值GST=0.406,也即是说有40.6%的遗传变异存在于种群间,59.4%存在种群内.1800m海拔处的A种群与其他种群的明显分离是造成种群间遗传分化大的原因.UPGMA聚类图和PCoA散点图分别进一步确证了5个种群间关系和所有个体间的关系.最后,经过Mantel检测,遗传距离与海拔表现了明显的相关性(r=0.646,P=0.011).     

Species composition and soil erosion on a ski area in Hokkaido,northern Japan

In 1986 and 1987, a study on factors governing revegetation on ski grounds was conducted at Teine ski ground (built in 1971) located near the city of Sapporo in northern Japan. Soil movement, slope gradient, distance from forest edge, vegetation cover, and number of species on the ski ground were examined. Although artificial sowing of exotic plants was undertaken in the whole ground surface at the time of opening, bare land occurred in ca. 50% of surveyed plots and the ski ground was mostly covered with native plants. The number of species was positively correlated to vegetation cover, which was low in the sites where intensive soil erosions occurred in winter. A principal component analysis of plant species distinguished three major groups of factors, i.e., vegetation cover (first axis, contribution rate 30.3%), soil erosion in winter and slope gradient (second, 23.1%), and distance from forest edge (third, 16.3%). The vegetation characteristics on the ski ground were not determined by a single environmental gradient but by the combination of factors described above. In particular, soil movements, which are mostly derived from snowmelt, are considered to be the initiator of vegetation changes.     

Analysis and application of forest fuels data

Recent advances in fire modeling permit quantitative estimations of fire behavior from quantitative inputs that describe the fuel array and conditions, such as weather and site data, under which it will burn. This paper describes the collection, analysis, and stratification of flammable forest fuels data for coniferous forest ecosystems in Montana and then illustrates the resource management application of these data in three areas: the development of the fire behavior model, a determination of the model's sensitivity to input errors as reflected by fire behavior prediction errors, and the development of a fire hazard simulator (TAROT). A new integrated stand simulator, GANDALF, is highlighted.Conclusions center on the need to integrate fire management into the land management planning decision-making process.This work was supported by a USDI National Park Service contract to Gradient Modeling, Inc., a nonprofit research foundation devoted to ecologic research and resource management applications, and by cooperative aid agreements between Gradient Modeling, Inc. and the USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Northern Forest Fire Laboratory (Fire in Multiple Use Management, R, D, and A Program).     

梯度硅藻土膜管净化空气

利用平均孔径0.08 μm(孔径范围为0.07-0.16 μm)的梯度硅藻土膜管进行空气净化实验,研究了这种膜管对空气中的细菌和＞0.1 μm的悬浮微粒的净化效果,并研究了膜通量随使用时间的变化曲线以及膜管的使用寿命.实验发现,这种梯度硅藻土膜管能有效滤除空气中的细菌、悬浮粒子等污染物,净化后的空气中不含＞0.1 μm的悬浮微粒和细菌,稳定通量可达100 m3/m2*h,使用寿命为4-12年(0.05 MPa操作压力下).