绿色建筑小区雨水资源化综合利用技术

运用生态学原理设计绿色建筑小区已逐渐成为潮流,节水与水资源利用的问题正日益受到关注。绿色建筑小区雨水资源化综合利用技术集成优化了小区雨水收集与分散处理系统、雨水集中收集与处理系统、雨水渗透系统等技术,具有投资省、处理效果好、管理方便等优点,适合为今后的绿色建筑小区雨水资源化综合利用建设参考。     

城市绿地结构与鸟类栖息生境的营造

城市化对城市鸟类多样性产生了诸多不利影响。城市绿地结构是鸟类栖息生境选择的重要因素之一。在分析公园面积、连通性、岛屿化等影响城市鸟类多样性的城市绿地结构特征基础上,提出通过优化绿地结构营造鸟类栖息生境的原则,探讨了保护城市自然保留地、建设环城绿化带、构建河岸带与道路绿色廊道、复层植物群落配置、特殊空间绿化等途径作为鸟类生境营造的方法。     

The Three Gorges Project in Figures

Abstact

Ecological city is the advanced mode of harmonious development of city. Constant improvement is being made in the development of ecological city. However, building ecological city is an enormous project that calls for a huge amount of capital. The government fund is far from adequate. This paper probes into the fund issue and discusses in detail the mechanism of investment and financing in building ecological city from various aspects such as diversification of the investment subjects and the modes of financing.     

Exploring trends, sources, and causes of environmental funding: a study of Florida counties

Florida is one of the largest spenders on the environment in the U.S. Employing a database from Florida counties, this study examines two distinct environmental funding areas in government: funding to protect the environment, and funding to develop the environment. These two types of funding serve different purposes, support different activities and operations, and draw from different revenue sources. The results show that environmental funding in government is a response to the environmental pressure generated by economic activities and population growth. Counties with a higher level of manufacturing and farming activity spend more to protect the environment, while counties with higher population densities spend more to develop the environment. Moreover, counties with more funding for public safety and economic development activities spend less on the environment, indicating that environmental funding is influenced by the political processes in public budgeting in which diversified interests compete for resources. These results show that environmental spending in government is the result of combined forces arising from environmental pressure and budgetary politics.     

Evaluating China's Slope Land Conversion Program as sustainable management in Tianquan and Wuqi Counties

Increased soil erosion on sloped land has become a significant environmental concern in China that has been attributed to human activities such as deforestation, over-cultivation, and over-grazing of livestock. In order to reduce soil erosion on sloped lands, the Chinese government has responded by implementing large-scale, ecological rehabilitation programs, including the "Grain for Green" reforestation project. This program involves financial incentives to transition farmers into other economic activities with the goal of reducing ecological pressures and degradation. Because of the scope and potential impacts from these programs, detailed research is needed to understand their social and ecological effects. This paper reports on research conducted in Tianquan County, Sichuan Province, and Wuqi County, Shaanxi Province, that evaluates the effects of the program upon local economies and household livelihood systems. The paper argues that the successful conversion of farmland under "Grain for Green" depends upon local government involvement, local economic development, and funding for local projects. Without economic development within rural economies, we conclude that farmers will remain dependent upon continued subsidy assistance to meet the policy's ambitious environmental restrictions, thereby undermining the program's long-term sustainability.     

沙漠油田开发生态环境保护的实践

文章阐述了地处沙漠腹地的石西油田在开发建设过程中开展环境保护工作的具体做法,从加强组织领导、制定并不断完善环保规章制度、加大科技投入等方面分析总结了在沙漠油田中开展环境保护的管理经验,通过加强井场作业、油气集输、建设用地管理、植物种植管理方面的措施,阐述了在沙漠油田开发建设中创建绿色油气田活动所取得的成绩。     

北京建成区道路绿化空间结构和行道树健康状况

采用实地普查测量方法,定量研究了北京建成区188条道路行道树的树种结构、径级分布、立木层次和健康状况。结果表明,国槐（Sophora japonica）、毛白杨（Populus alba）、银杏（Ginkgo biloba）是建成区主要行道树种,使用量分别占研究区树木总株数的54．7％、13．7％和7．4％。建成区树木...     

环境规制影响资源型城市绿色全要素生产率的途径与政策建议

环境规制对资源型城市绿色全要素生产率是否具有推动作用,通过何种路径驱动以及是否存在城市类型异质性有待进一步理清。本文选取2004—2019年中国113座资源型城市的面板数据,利用非径向、非角度的SBM模型与GML指数对资源型城市绿色全要素生产率进行测算,随后通过构建多重中介效应模型实证检验了科技创新、外商直接投资和产业结构优化在环境规制影响绿色全要素生产率的传导机制及其在城市类型间的异质性。研究表明：（1）从全样本回归结果看,环境规制对资源型城市绿色全要素生产率的作用系数显著为正,产业结构优化和外商直接投资均发挥了显著的正向中介效应,而科技创新表现为间接抑制作用;在非资源型城市中,三类中介效应均不显著。（2）类型异质性检验显示,科技创新在成长型、成熟型城市中发挥了正向中介效应,在再生型城市中表现为间接抑制作用;外商直接投资在衰退型城市中的中介效应值为正,而在再生型城市中表现为负向中介效应;产业结构优化在成长型与成熟型城市中发挥了正向中介效应。（3）对比中介效应结果表明,全样本回归时,产业结构优化、外商直接投资和科技创新的中介效应梯次递减,产业结构优化的中介效应占比接近80%,环境规制的...     

中国城市绿色金融及其影响因素——以绿色债券为例

绿色金融是金融创新的重点,旨在调控资本供给,实现环境向好发展。以绿色债券为例,基于2016—2019年中国142个地级以上城市,使用面板数据模型和空间杜宾模型探讨政策激励、金融基础、环境污染对绿色金融的影响。结果显示：（1）中西部地区引入绿色金融的城市数目较多,东部地区是绿色金融规模增长的承载区域。（2）政策激励和金融基础显著提升绿色金融规模,而环境污染起到抑制作用。（3）不同区域的政策措施都能与金融基础协同,促成绿色金融发展。仅在东部地区,政策激励能够缓和环境污染的负面影响。研究表明,绿色金融的发展模式存在区域差异,东部地区是在政策激励和金融基础推动下的顺势转型,中西部地区则需应对环境污染造成的阻力。     

基于典型案例的流域规划环评管理成效评估

为提高流域规划环评的有效性,评估流域规划环评的管理成效并分析存在的问题和短板,在总结我国流域规划环评发展状况的基础上,收集并分析了2014～2019年经国家环保部门审查的25个涉及长江、黄河、珠江三大流域的典型案例,从改善环境质量、保障生态安全、维系生态功能和促进绿色发展等4个方面,选取16项评价指标分级打分,并通过MATLAB软件建立BP神经网络,提取各指标贡献度,分析流域规划环评成效和不足.结果显示,受评案例共优化水资源配置保障环境用水逾20亿m³,减少向主要河流排放污染物约20万t;降低流域开发规模调整规划水利工程方案223个,保留了411km天然河段;为保护野生动植物及其生境建议取消水电开发项目122个,避让了43个环境敏感区,但在推动绿色转型发展方面仍相对不足.建议围绕提高环评质量,加强环评成果落实,推动流域生态保护和高质量发展等方面,进一步完善流域规划环评管理.