N2O emission from a sequencing batch reactor for biological N and P removal from wastewater

Nitrous oxide （N2O） is a greenhouse gas that can be released during biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. N2O emission from a sequencing batch reactor （SBR） for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater was investigated, and the aims were to examine which process, nitrification or denitrification, would contribute more to N2Oemission and to study the effects of heterotrophic activities on N2O emission during nitrification. The results showed that N2O emission was mainly attributed to nitrification rather than to denitrification. N2O emission during denitrification mainly occurred with stored organic carbon as the electron donor. During nitrification, NaO emission was increased with increasing initial ammonium or nitrite concentrations. The ratio of N2O emission to the removed ammonium nitrogen （N2O- N/NH4-N） was 2.5% in the SBR system with high heterotrophic activities, while this ratio was in the range from 0.14% to 1.06% in batch nitrification experiments with limited heterotrophic activities.     

The value of virtual conferencing for ecology and conservation

The objectives of conservation science and dissemination of its research create a paradox: Conservation is about preserving the environment, yet scientists spread this message at conferences with heavy carbon footprints. Ecology and conservation science depend on global knowledge exchange—getting the best science to the places it is most needed. However, conference attendance from developed countries typically outweighs that from developing countries that are biodiversity and conservation hotspots. If any branch of science should be trying to maximize participation while minimizing carbon emissions, it is conservation. Virtual conferencing is common in other disciplines, such as education and humanities, but it is surprisingly underused in ecology and conservation. Adopting virtual conferencing entails a number of challenges, including logistics and unified acceptance, which we argue can be overcome through planning and technology. We examined 4 conference models: a pure‐virtual model and 3 hybrid hub‐and‐node models, where hubs stream content to local nodes. These models collectively aim to mitigate the logistical and administrative challenges of global knowledge transfer. Embracing virtual conferencing addresses 2 essential prerequisites of modern conferences: lowering carbon emissions and increasing accessibility for remote, time‐ and resource‐poor researchers, particularly those from developing countries.     

天然水体中有机物检测方法的选择与优化

本文选取并优化了一种准确、易行、适合于天然水样中微量有机物的分析技术.天然水样品中有机物通过混合大孔径吸附树脂XAD-2与XAD-7(4:1,V/V)富集并用二氯甲烷洗脱.所有富集的有机物样品中均加入衍生化试剂N,O-双(三甲基硅基)三氟乙酰胺(缩写为BSTFA)硅烷化,最后采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析.为了实验的简便,我们的样品为模拟水样(4L添加定量5β-胆烷(挪威Chiron公司)的去离子水).     

斜气流技术初探

针对电除尘器在实际运行过程中出现除尘效率下降的问题,提出斜气流这一新型技术,对该技术进行试验研究和细致探讨,并对该气流分布状态进行可视化研究;为我国电除尘器气流技术的发展提出一定建议。     

烟气自动在线监控系统的历史发展与技术分析

对现阶段我国烟气自动在线监测系统(对固定污染源排放的烟气中的SO2、NOx、CO等气态污染物进行自动连续监测和数据自动在线传输的系统,称为Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems,简称CEMS)仪器设备市场上的三种主要技术方法:直接分析法,in-situ;完全抽取法,Extractive;稀释法,Dilution,结合安装使用现场实际工作,进行了对比与分析,并提出了烟气自动在线监测系统CEMS的改良方法与发展方向.     

氨法烟气脱硫脱硝的技术特征

氨法烟气脱硫脱硝具有显著的技术优势:脱硫效率高,脱硫脱硝一举两得,不耗费热量不产生废渣,脱硫剂利用充分用量小,不损害设备有节能功效。脱硫剂利用率可达90%以上,脱硫效率可达90%以上、脱硝效率可达80%以上;脱硫剂用量是钙法工艺的十到二十分之一;副产物为可以直接利用的化学肥料,而非难于处置的废渣。     

固定式可燃气体检测报警器运行管理中存在的问题及对策

针对固定式可燃气体检测报警器运行管理中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出整治措施.     

准好氧填埋工艺氧气浓度对甲烷与二氧化碳浓度的影响研究

构建了准好氧填埋模拟装置,在其产气相对稳定期间,测定填埋装置内不同点位的ψ(O₂),ψ(CH₄)和ψ(CO₂),并用数学模型对ψ(O₂)与ψ(CH₄)和ψ(CO₂)之间的关系进行拟合.结果表明:随着ψ(O₂)的增加,上层ψ(CH₄)呈对数规律下降,而ψ(CO₂)呈线性规律下降;中层ψ(CH₄)和ψ(CO₂)均呈指数规律下降;下层ψ(CH₄)呈指数规律下降,而ψ(CO₂)先保持在34%左右波动,当ψ(O₂)大于1.8%后呈指数规律下降.上层主要为好氧带,ψ(CH₄)低于ψ(CO₂);中层主要为兼氧带,当ψ(O₂)小于5.8%时ψ(CH₄)高于ψ(CO₂),而当ψ(O₂)大于5.8%时ψ(CH₄)低于ψ(CO₂);下层主要为厌氧带,当ψ(O₂)小于2.8%时ψ(CH₄)高于ψ(CO₂),而当ψ(O₂)大于2.8%时ψ(CH₄)低于ψ(CO₂).      

城市生活垃圾热解产气特性的试验研究

在外热式固定床试验台上,针对城市生活垃圾中的典型组分,进行了不同条件下的热解试验研究。试验测量不同条件下产物的产气量和产气速率,分析了热解气的组分和气体热值。分析发现,物料的挥发分、加热方式以及热解终温等对产气影响大,随温度的增加产气中H2含量逐渐增多,C2H4和C2H6的含量逐渐下降,气体热值有一个最大值。