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941.
泰安市城区岩溶地下水较丰富,是重要的地下水供水水源地.基于泰安城区岩溶水和地表水的水化学和氢氧同位素(δD、δ18O和3H)特征,结合Gibbs图解、主要离子比值,揭示岩溶地下水补给来源、补给年代、循环更新能力及主要的水-岩作用演化过程.结果表明,区内岩溶地下水阳离子以Ca2+和Na+为主,阴离子以HCO3-和SO42-为主,K+、NO3-、Cl-、Na+和SO42-的变异系数较大,空间差异性较强,Ca2+和HCO3-的含量较稳定.水化学类型复杂多变,主要为HCO3·SO4-Ca型、HCO3·Cl-Ca型和HCO3 相似文献
942.
杭嘉湖地区浅层地下水防污性能评价方法及应用研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
根据杭嘉湖地区具体情况和特点,参照DRASTIC指标法,选择5个评价因子,通过给定评价因子评分范围,赋予各因子相应权重,建立地下水防污性能评价模型.用修改模型与MapGIS软件评价研究区浅层地下水的防污性能.结果表明,大部分区域浅层地下水防污性能一般,沿太湖、钱塘江、东海一带的部分区域防污性能较差,只在中部有少部分区域防污性能较好.评价结果可以为研究区地下水资源的开发利用提供依据.图1,表2,参8. 相似文献
943.
饱和带有机污染物的厌氧反硝化微生物降解 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以卤代烃和芳香烃为代表,通过室内实验模拟饱和带厌氧反硝化环境,对地下饱和带中有机污染物的厌氧反硝化可生物降解性,降解机理,降解动力学方程等进行了研究。实验结果表明,芳香烃较卤代烃易被微生物降解,在有低学葡萄糖存在时有 机物的最大生物降解速率C6H6:Lmax=17mg/(m^2.d),C7H8:Lmax=46mg/(m^2.d),CCl4;Lmax=7mg/(m^2.d),CHCl3:Lmax=6 相似文献
944.
Paul F. Hudak 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1998,50(3):271-288
Contaminant plumes were derived for constant and variable loading functions at locations within a landfill. Annually, the alternative loading functions injected the same volume of contaminated water. Mass transport modeling was used to evaluate the detection efficiencies of 25 monitoring transects, spaced evenly between the landfill and a downgradient compliance boundary. Respectively, the most efficient transects (requiring the fewest monitoring wells) for constant and variable loading were located at 60–64 and 40 percent of the distance to the compliance boundary. The mean detection efficiency was 29 percent higher for variable loading, but the variation in detection efficiency was similar for constant and variable loading. At the most efficient transects, the minimum number of detection wells was 20 percent lower for variable loading. Given the influence of source loading on monitoring efficiency, alternative loading functions should be considered when designing detection monitoring networks in aquifers. 相似文献
945.
再生水补充地下水水质指标及控制技术 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
再生水补充地下水是扩大污水回用最有益的一种方式,具有广阔发展前景.本文分析与总结了国内外再生水补充地下水研究与应用实例、水质标准,结合我国再生水的水质特点及水文地质状况,从保护地下水资源和人体健康的角度,探讨了我国利用再生水补充地下水应控制的水质指标及控制技术.按地表回灌和井灌方式分别提出了水质基本控制项目COD、BOD、氨氮、粪大肠菌群数等22项,选择控制项目Hg、三氯甲烷等重金属和微污染有机物52项及其建议指标值,并提出了再生水处理控制技术. 相似文献
946.
947.
华北平原农田硝态氮淋溶率和淋溶负荷估计 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
由于化肥过度施用且强度逐渐增加,华北平原氮淋溶问题日趋严重且造成了地下水污染风险.利用1991年以来公开发表的文献中290 组农田NO3--N 淋溶试验样本(淋溶率和10个影响因素),基于Bayesian递归回归树模型初步建立了华北平原农田NO3--N淋溶迁移过程统计模型.以2008年为例,基于华北平原县域合成氮肥、复合肥施用量和1 km×1 km的影响因素和土地利用(耕地)数据,最终得到1 km×1 km的华北平原农田NO3--N淋溶率和淋溶负荷及其不确定性水平.初步结果表明:①模型校准和验证R2分别达到0.832和0.829,模拟结果相对可靠;②华北平原耕地NO3--N的淋溶率具有显著的空间分异,其中位值为15.4%(R50为12.6%~18.2%),其主要影响因素为土壤TN量、施N量、灌溉比例与降雨量的比值等;相应地,2008年淋溶负荷和淋溶量分别为995.1 Gg·a-1(833.4~1156.7 Gg·a-1);③NO3--N淋溶率较高的区域集中在太行山脉以东、黄河附近以及苏北的县(区、市),淋溶负荷贡献最大为河南(~37.7%)、江苏(~24.8%)和河北(~21.6%). 相似文献
948.
Maged M. Hamed 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2005,9(4):253-264
The Gulf War in 1991 created an environmental catastrophe, one of the major consequences of which was setting several oil wells on fire in the Arabian Gulf area. The total oil spilled as a result of the damaged wells was about 3.5 × 106 m3. Out of these, 3.3 × 106 m3 of oil was recovered and exported. The rest was left behind as it was not economical to collect. The oil left behind was subject to severe weathering over the past ten years. Soil and subsurface contamination pose a serious risk to the quality of the already scarce fresh groundwater resources in the area which was subject to oil spill in the study region. This paper presents the computer modeling activities carried out towards simulating the transport of the hydrocarbon contamination of the fresh groundwater resources at a study area in the Arabian Gulf region, and predicting the contamination levels at the fresh groundwater lenses in the area in the future, should current contamination levels persist in the soil and groundwater. The modeling activities relied on both semi-analytical and numerical flow and transport models. 相似文献
949.
Tunisia has very limited potential of surface and groundwater resources which are subject to different quantitative and qualitative forms of degradation. The risk of groundwater pollution results from the interaction between the vulnerability of aquifers to pollution and anthropogenic activities. Our research focuses on the study of the Sers water table water quality (northwest Tunisia) following the inputs used for agricultural activities in the region. Water samples were extracted from 40 wells to analyze the main physicochemical parameter indicators of the groundwater quality. The results obtained show that these waters have two major facies: Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-SO4. The nitrate contents are relatively high suggesting that the agricultural activities are probably the most important anthropogenic source of water contamination. The results of the Standardized Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) confirm the geochemical methods and results and provide further information about the water quality of the Sers El Kef aquifer. In addition, the pollution degree differs from one site to another depending on the spreading rate of nitrogen fertilizers and the distance from the pollution source. 相似文献
950.
Yen-Hsun Chuang Winn-Jung Huang Kieu Lan Phuong Nguyen Wei-Yea Chen Ruey-Fang Yu 《Environmental Forensics》2019,20(1):77-91
Groundwater quality in coastal area has been an issue of interest because of excessive groundwater extraction for human use, for example, industrialization, irrigation, which can lead to saltwater intrusion. The study develops an integrated data analysis procedure based on multivariate statistics principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA), to determine the effects of key environmental conditions on the formulation of groundwater pollutants. This proposed method was demonstrated by analyzing groundwater quality monitoring data collected between 2011 and 2014 from four coastal industrial areas in Changhua county of Taiwan, namely Chuansing, Xianxi, Lukang and Fangyuan industrial parks. First, different environmental conditions in each industrial region were explored by PCA. The spatial hierarchy and spatial distribution of pollutant categories were then identified using HCA with the kriging method. Finally, the effect of environmental conditions on constitutive pollutants were identified with RDA. The three environmental patterns identified from the analytical results in Chuansing, Lukang and Xianxi were the salination factor (including conductivity and general hardness (GH)), water level and redox condition (including dissolved oxygen and oxidation–reduction potential). Fangyuan industrial park had only two patterns, namely salination (including conductivity and GH) and oxygen content (including DO and depth). The pollutant category indicated high concentrations of all pollutants in Chuansing and Fangyuan, and higher concentration of SO42?, TDS, Cl? in Xianxi, and of NH3-N, Mn, Fe and TOC in Lukang. According to RDA results, salination caused the high concentrations of NH3N, Cl?, TDS in Chuansing, and of Cl?, TDS and SO42? in Xianxi and Lukang. Additionally, salination caused high concentrations of Fe in both Lukang and Fangyuan industrial parks in combination with those three pollutants. The redox condition was linked to high content of NO3? in Chuansing and Lukang, and of TOC in Xianxi. In Fangyuan industrial park, NO3? was also linked to high oxygen concentration. In summary, the combination of PCA, HCA and RDA enables the analysis of monitoring data to support policy decision-making. 相似文献