Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water of Karachi City (Pakistan)

The ground and municipal water supply samples of Karachi city were analyzed for their fluoride contents. The fluoride contents in water samples collected from the subsurface and river sources were found below the WHO recommended value for the general health of the people. However, in some industrial areas the groundwater sample showed higher level of fluoride concentration. Continuous monitoring of water resources and cautious fluoridation is suggested to maintain proper status of fluoride concentration in the drinking water.     

Hydrochemical Changes Over Time in the Zahedan Aquifer, Iran

Groundwater in the Zahedan Aquifer located in the arid southeast of Iran was chemically characterized to understand both the nature of the alluvium aquifer and the effect of human activities, specifically sewage disposal on groundwater quality. Concentrations of major cations and anions in the Zahedan Aquifer are much higher than concentrations observed in groundwater of similar settings. Although the nature of the aquifer and climatic parameters have affected the chemistry of groundwater, human impacts on the groundwater quality are more significant. The electrical conductivity in some areas of the Zahedan aquifer increased up to 7,500μS/cm in 25 years. Human influences in some areas are so prevalent, that the groundwater type changed from a Na⁺-HCO₃ ^- in 1976 to a Na⁺-Cl^- type in 2000. The impact of human influences on the groundwater quality is also indicated through observed nitrate concentration up to 4.81 meq/L in the urban area.     

下辽河平原区域地下水典型污染物的筛选

结合潜在危害指数评价方法和加权评分方法,构建了新的地下水中典型污染物的筛选方法,并应用于下辽河平原区域地下水典型污染物的筛选。将急性基准浓度值(CMC)和慢性基准浓度值(CCC)引入潜在危害指数评价中;鉴于潜在危害指数法不考虑化合物的环境浓度,将潜在危害指数法与加权评分法相结合,引进平均浓度、检出频次等影响因素,计算不同污染物加权评分结果;通过聚类分析,筛选出典型污染物。研究表明,下辽河平原区域地下水中筛选出的典型污染物包括:As、NH+4、1,1,2-三氯乙烷、溴二氯甲烷、一氯二溴甲烷、1,1-二氯乙烯、α-六六六、p,p'-滴滴滴、p,p'-滴滴伊、苯并(a)芘。     

浅议地下水污染治理技术方法及进展

简要介绍了地下水污染治理技术的沿革,包括物理法、水动力控制法、抽出—处理法和原位处理法,着重阐述了目前研究最多的原位处理法,即原位物化法、原位生物法和反应性渗透墙技术。并提出应该在学习国外先进技术的基础上,开发研究适合我国国情的地下水污染治理技术。     

中国地下水环境监测网的建设和管理

为实现《全国地下水污染防治规划(2011—2020年)》关于"2015年全面建立地下水环境监管体系"的目标,首先要建立地下水环境监测网络。在充分分析中国地下水环境监测现状的基础上,总结中国地下水环境监测的不足,并从法律法规的完善、监测网的建设和运行、先进技术的引进和人才培养以及信息共享系统的构建等4个方面,提出中国地下水环境监测网建设及管理的建议。     

地下水污染物的有限差分模型的修正

为了更好地研究地下水污染问题,在泰勒级数分析的基础上,对一维地下水污染的模型求解过程中有限差分法的截断误差进行了修正,得到了修正后的有限差分解,并对差分格式的稳定性进行了分析。结果表明,没有修正的截断误差是不能忽略的。本文的研究为河流水质污染的防治和预测提供了一种科学依据。     

典型农药污染场地地下水中苯系物监控自然衰减研究

通过对某农药污染场地地下水中苯系物（BTEX）4年的长期监测数据进行分析,识别了该场地地下水中BTEX浓度的空间分布规律,并研究了场地地下水中BTEX的自然衰减规律.结果表明,地下水BTEX污染程度较重,浓度为0.001～180.52 mg·L-1,平均浓度为13.30 mg·L-1;BTEX浓度和污染羽面积随时间出现波动式变化,但整体仍呈逐渐减小的趋势,表明地下水中BTEX发生了自然衰减;地下水中氧化还原电位（ORP）与BTEX浓度呈显著负相关,说明研究区中BTEX高浓度区域在发生生物降解;研究区BTEX的衰减速率较小,半衰期较长,说明该场地单纯依靠监控自然衰减的修复时间将较长,需要与化学刺激等其他主动修复技术相结合以提高自然衰减效率.     

石油渗漏导致的地下水污染评价

原油贮备库邻近水源地,对水源地全构成了威胁,因而需要对其污染情况做出合理的评价．本文以兰州原油贮备库为例介绍了其地下水污染评价方法和建议,发现以库区为中心,形成一个地下水严重污染区,区域下游至黄河形成了中等程度、轻微污染和警戒程度三种地下水弥散污染带,为保障水源地,必需采取必要措施．表6,参5．     

降水入渗补给地下水过程分析

该文总结了降水入渗补给的模式,通过分析活塞式降水入渗、降水入渗补给的滞后和延迟、降水入渗优先补给等,研究了土壤不同岩性、不同埋深、不同降水时段与不同土壤含水量条件下的降水入渗补给过程．图5,表1,参8．     

BRACKISH GROUNDWATER DESALINATION: A COMMUNITY'S SOLUTION TO WATER SUPPLY AND AQUIFER PROTECTION1

The City of Cape May, New Jersey, draws its primary water supply from the Cohansey Aquifer, a unit serving residential, community, and industrial users throughout the Coastal Plain. By the year 2000, projected population growth will impose a peak water demand beyond available supplies. In addition, regional over-pumping threatens the Cohansey with saltwater intrusion, placing the city wells at risk by 1998. In the early-to mid 1990s, three broad categories of water-supply alternatives were evaluated by regional, state, and federal agencies — additional pumping from the Cohansey, conjunctive use of the Cohansey with other aquifers, and desalination of brackish groundwater. An approach was adopted in 1996 which derives up to 2 MGD from desalination of brackish groundwater, with the remaining peak demand satisfied by short-term pumpage from existing wells in the Cohansey. The first of two wells has been completed, yielding 1.4 MGD of brackish groundwater. Similar performance from the second well will exceed the design goal. When the initial system comes on line during the summer of 1998, New Jersey will have its first public water supply derived from desalinated groundwater. The use of desalinated groundwater balances competing demands for water resources in the southern Cape Region of New Jersey, allowing continued economic growth while reducing human impacts on a threatened aquifer.