阜阳电厂灰水氟化物浓度的确定及对地下饮用水源污染预测

目前在火电厂环境影响评价中,主要利用类比法和实验法确定灰水中氟化物的浓度。文章提出了一种新的方法－－计算法。该方法以氟的迁移转化规律为基础,以物料平衡原理为依据,充分考虑煤源、煤质、除尘方式、除灰方式、排灰方式及冲灰水水质等影响因素。与类比法和实验法相比,该法简便、可靠、实用、经济。鉴于阜场附近地区地下水饮用水源污染的可能性,影响程度及发生时间。     

分层锰砂滤池去除地下水中铁离子的工程应用

通过工程实例讨论了分层锰砂滤池在地下水去除铁离子中的工艺过程和处理效果。结果表明:滤池对铁离子有较好的去除效果,进水中铁离子浓度由1.57 mg/L降到出水的0.06mg/L,去除率达到96%以上。与传统的锰砂滤池相比,由于采用了适当的预处理以及滤料的分层设计,系统的堵塞情况大为改善,反冲洗频率大幅降低,运行管理更加方便。     

Integrated Water and CGE Model of the Impacts of Water Policy on the Beijing's Economy and Output

The article used general equilibrium model to analyze the change of gross domestic product and industry output affected by water resources policies in Beijing City by using GEMPACK soft tool.The article researches on rules of water supply and demand,evaluating water resources,building water resources input and output table,establishing water computable general equilibrium model and stimulating water policy.The stimulation gives a scenario that increases water price by 10%.The result shows the following aspects.First,water resources policy infects gross domestic product and industry output in different ways.There are different behaviors in different industries as to the water policy.Agriculture industry has the same tendency as water price change and it has more sensitive to water quantity than to water price.For basic energy industries such as oil and chemistry and gas,they show diversity tendency.As to some high water consumer industry such as paper and textile etc.,water resource economic policy can infect them greatly and can promote them to accomplish more water-saving technology.Waste water and construction and service industries show the same tendency as to water policy.Second,government should pay more attention to water resource policy by macro economic administration.The simulation also shows that the output and supply and consumer price change more than expect as to water policy in a free market economic in water industry.So as to a government policy maker,one should be more carefully and prepare suitable forecast and plan to water policy and its negative impact.     

湛江东海岛地下水入海排泄量估算及其影响研究

在分析广东省湛江市东海岛的区域水文地质特征及地下水开发利用特点的基础上,构建了地下水入海排泄量估算模型,以估算地下水入海排泄量和携带入海的营养盐量。结果表明,估算得到的2009年东海岛地下水入海排泄总量为133.8×104m3,其中携带入海的营养盐总量为5 157.98kg,地下水的携带入海成为近岸海域陆域营养盐入海排泄的主要途径;研究区位于沿海地带的砂堤砂地潜水分布区以及位于海岸地带的湛江组浅部潜水—微承压水含水层分布区等局部地段,存在地下水入海排泄量的低值区,可能存在海水入侵风险。     

TOC＋TN仪测定清洁地表水、地下水中总氮方法的研

以华北某地区地表水和地下水为试材,采用GB11894—89和TOC＋TN仪两种方法进行总氮测试比较。分析结果表明：TOC＋TN仪法测定总氮简便、快速、准确、环保。     

Sensitivity of Stream flow and Water Table Depth to Potential Climatic Variability in a Coastal Forested Watershed1

Dai, Zhaohua, Carl C. Trettin, Changsheng Li, Devendra M. Amatya, Ge Sun, and Harbin Li, 2010. Sensitivity of Streamflow and Water Table Depth to Potential Climatic Variability in a Coastal Forested Watershed. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1–13. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00474.x Abstract: A physically based distributed hydrological model, MIKE SHE, was used to evaluate the effects of altered temperature and precipitation regimes on the streamflow and water table in a forested watershed on the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain. The model calibration and validation against both streamflow and water table depth showed that the MIKE SHE was applicable for predicting the streamflow and water table dynamics for this watershed with an acceptable model efficiency (E > 0.5 for daily streamflow and >0.75 for monthly streamflow). The simulation results from changing temperature and precipitation scenarios indicate that climate change influences both streamflow and water table in the forested watershed. Compared to current climate conditions, the annual average streamflow increased or decreased by 2.4% with one percentage increase or decrease in precipitation; a quadratic polynomial relationship between changes in water table depth (cm) and precipitation (%) was found. The annual average water table depth and annual average streamflow linearly decreased with an increase in temperature within the range of temperature change scenarios (0-6°C). The simulation results from the potential climate change scenarios indicate that future climate change will substantially impact the hydrological regime of upland and wetland forests on the coastal plain with corresponding implications to altered ecosystem functions that are dependent on water.     

Re‐thinking water scarcity: Can science and technology solve the global water crisis?

This paper provides examples from the last fifty years of scientific and technological innovations that provide relatively easy, quick and affordable means of addressing key water management issues. Scientific knowledge and technological innovation can help open up previously closed decision‐making systems. Four of these tools are discussed in this paper: a) the opportunities afforded by virtual water trade; b) the silent revolution for beneficial use of groundwater; c) salt water desalination; and finally, d) the use of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). Together these advances are changing the options available to address water and food security that have been predominant for centuries in the minds of most water decision‐makers.     

Groundwater characterization and potential impacts of agricultural activities in the Sers El Kef plain

Tunisia has very limited potential of surface and groundwater resources which are subject to different quantitative and qualitative forms of degradation. The risk of groundwater pollution results from the interaction between the vulnerability of aquifers to pollution and anthropogenic activities. Our research focuses on the study of the Sers water table water quality (northwest Tunisia) following the inputs used for agricultural activities in the region. Water samples were extracted from 40 wells to analyze the main physicochemical parameter indicators of the groundwater quality. The results obtained show that these waters have two major facies: Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-SO₄. The nitrate contents are relatively high suggesting that the agricultural activities are probably the most important anthropogenic source of water contamination. The results of the Standardized Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) confirm the geochemical methods and results and provide further information about the water quality of the Sers El Kef aquifer. In addition, the pollution degree differs from one site to another depending on the spreading rate of nitrogen fertilizers and the distance from the pollution source.     

Redundancy analysis for characterizing the groundwater quality in coastal industrial areas

Groundwater quality in coastal area has been an issue of interest because of excessive groundwater extraction for human use, for example, industrialization, irrigation, which can lead to saltwater intrusion. The study develops an integrated data analysis procedure based on multivariate statistics principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA), to determine the effects of key environmental conditions on the formulation of groundwater pollutants. This proposed method was demonstrated by analyzing groundwater quality monitoring data collected between 2011 and 2014 from four coastal industrial areas in Changhua county of Taiwan, namely Chuansing, Xianxi, Lukang and Fangyuan industrial parks. First, different environmental conditions in each industrial region were explored by PCA. The spatial hierarchy and spatial distribution of pollutant categories were then identified using HCA with the kriging method. Finally, the effect of environmental conditions on constitutive pollutants were identified with RDA. The three environmental patterns identified from the analytical results in Chuansing, Lukang and Xianxi were the salination factor (including conductivity and general hardness (GH)), water level and redox condition (including dissolved oxygen and oxidation–reduction potential). Fangyuan industrial park had only two patterns, namely salination (including conductivity and GH) and oxygen content (including DO and depth). The pollutant category indicated high concentrations of all pollutants in Chuansing and Fangyuan, and higher concentration of SO₄^2?, TDS, Cl^? in Xianxi, and of NH₃-N, Mn, Fe and TOC in Lukang. According to RDA results, salination caused the high concentrations of NH₃N, Cl^?, TDS in Chuansing, and of Cl^?, TDS and SO₄^2? in Xianxi and Lukang. Additionally, salination caused high concentrations of Fe in both Lukang and Fangyuan industrial parks in combination with those three pollutants. The redox condition was linked to high content of NO₃^? in Chuansing and Lukang, and of TOC in Xianxi. In Fangyuan industrial park, NO₃^? was also linked to high oxygen concentration. In summary, the combination of PCA, HCA and RDA enables the analysis of monitoring data to support policy decision-making.     

场地参数对地下水污染物健康风险评价影响的初步研究

通过单变量分析,考察含水率、容重和地下水埋深对挥发性有机污染物风险控制值的影响,结果表明土壤含水率、土壤容重和地下水埋深与风险控制值为正相关关系,土壤含水率和容重在超过某一阈值后,微小变化会使风险控制值产生较大的波动,因此建议在实际调查过程中提高水文地质勘察取样和测试质量,获得高代表性的数据,减少风险控制值的不确定性。