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221.
危险废物稳定化/固化技术的现状与发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对危险废物稳定化/固化处理技术的历史、现状以及今后的发展方向进行了较为系统的论述,对该技术在处理危险废物时所存在的问题进行了探讨,认为今后药剂稳定化技术在废物处置预处理领域将会占据重要的地位。 相似文献
222.
David P Ahlfeld M. Shafiqul. Islam 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1994,30(4):623-629
ABSTRACT: A model for estimating the probability of exceeding groundwater quality standards at environmental receptors based on a simple contaminant transport model is described. The model is intended for locations where knowledge about site-specific hydrogeologic conditions is limited. An efficient implementation methodology using numerical Monte Carlo simulation is presented. The uncertainty in the contaminant transport system due to uncertainty in the hydraulic conductivity is directly calculated in the Monte Carlo simulations. Numerous variations of the deterministic parameters of the model provide an indication of the change in exceedance probability with change in parameter value. The results of these variations for a generic example are presented in a concise graphical form which provides insight into the topology of the exceedance probability surface. This surface can be used to assess the impact of the various parameters on exceedance probability. 相似文献
223.
W. L. Miller J. A. Foran W. Huber J. M. Davidson H. A. Moye D. P. Spangler 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(1):79-86
ABSTRACT: Over 700 community drinking water supplies were sampled for the pesticide Temik (aldicarb and its oxidative metabolites aldicarb sulfoxide and aldicarb sulfone) in Florida. All community supply wells sampled for Temik were located in counties where Temik was reported to have been used and approximately one-half of the wells were located in counties where ground water was determined to be highly susceptible to contamination by Temik. Susceptibility was determined using ranking criteria that incorporated ground water recharge characteristics, water use, and Temik use patterns. Temik was not detected in any of the community supply wells sampled during the study. However, Temik was detected in shallow, private wells, as was the pesticide ethylene dibromide in counties with ground water characterized as highly susceptible to contamination. 相似文献
224.
John Cairns 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1986,22(5):841-842
ABSTRACT: Direct measurement of response thresholds of complex biological systems to toxic chemicals is now possible using microcosms and other simulation techniques. Extrapolation to no-observable response using application factors and data from single species toxicity tests is less precise than direct measurements. 相似文献
225.
One of India's major concerns is the increasing level of land pollution largely due to the uncontrolled disposal of industrialsolid and hazardous waste. With rapid industrialization, thegeneration of industrial solid and hazardous waste has increasedappreciably and the nature of waste generated has become complex.Their impacts on the ecological bodies are noticeable. The article describes the details of studies conducted using Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure, to estimate the toxicity effects of the metals viz., chromium, zinc, manganese,iron, nickel, cobalt and copper by the Zero Headspace Extractorfor the sludges generated from effluent treatment plant of steeltube, wire and plating industries on environment constituentslike groundwater, surface water and land. Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure determines the mobility of organic and inorganic analytes of liquid, solid or multiphase waste from hazardous solid wastes in the form of primary and secondary extracts. These extracts are mixed in equal volumeproportion and analyzed by Direct Reading 2000 spectrophotometer.The amount of heavy metals observed during the studies in theleachates were found and the results were compared with HazardousWaste categories as per Indian Standards, TCLP regulatory limitsgiven by United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) andGermany Leachate Quality Standards and it was observed that theywere on higher side, needing a proper preventive concept of sludge management including handling, treatment, recovery and disposal. 相似文献
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227.
随着化学工业的迅速发展,化学品的产量和品种大幅增加,危险化学品生产企业各类事故频发,严重阻碍了化学工业的发展.为此,国家制定了一系列的法律法规,以期遏制恶性事故的发生.安全评价作为预防事故的重要手段,现已广泛应用于各个行业,危险化学品生产企业也不例外.但是,随着安全评价工作的开展,也暴露出与安全评价有关的一些问题.本文简要介绍了我国危险化学品生产企业的安全现状,详细分析了影响危险化学品生产企业安全评价有效性的各种因素,并提出了相应的对策措施. 相似文献
228.
烧碱生产过程危险评估及对策措施 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
离子膜烧碱生产过程中涉及多种危险有害因素。笔者通过对国内现役离子膜烧碱生产装置进行调研 ,同时结合国内外其他涉及烧碱生产厂家的情况 ,分析并指出了生产过程中可能出现的危险有害因素 ,进而提出了相应对策措施 ,为企业消除事故及安全生产可以提供保障 相似文献
229.
230.
为评估北京市河流中抗生素的污染特征和生态风险,利用固相萃取结合高效液相色谱串联质谱检测了4类共35种常见抗生素的浓度水平,并利用风险商法(RQ)和联合概率曲线法(JPCs)评估了抗生素的生态风险.结果表明,北京市10条河流地表水中共检测出33种抗生素,总浓度范围是N.D.~1573.57 ng·L-1,磺胺甲噁唑的浓度最高(N.D.~160.04 ng·L-1),其次为磺胺嘧啶(0.09~147.90 ng·L-1)和氧氟沙星(0.28~94.72 ng·L-1),其中检出率 > 50.0 %的抗生素有16种;RQ法显示有12种抗生素存在生态风险,四环素、克拉霉素和甲氧苄氨嘧啶的风险最高,其风险商分别为3.99、1.86和1.01,污水处理厂出口的风险高于其所在河流干流的风险.四环素、克拉霉素和甲氧苄氨嘧啶的预测无效应浓度超标率均为2.3 %,基于JPCs发现,克拉霉素的最大风险乘积为1.66 %,对0.3 %~7.0 %的物种具有低等风险,其余抗生素的风险可忽略.抗生素的检出率、浓度分布、最敏感物种和物种敏感性分布对生态风险评估具有重要影响,采用多层次生态风险评估法能有效避免保护不足和过保护现象,有助于在全区域范围内对抗生素进行分级和分区管理. 相似文献