膨胀型防火涂料对高压电力电缆引燃特性影响的实验研究

膨胀型防火涂料在电缆防火工程中有较广泛的应用,在使用过程中确保电缆涂料的效果与经济性具有重要意义。对喷涂不同厚度膨胀型高氯化聚乙烯防火涂料的高压电力电缆开展了在典型强度外加辐射热流条件的着火引燃实验,分析了电力电缆点燃时间、受热期间涂层对电缆外护套的保护与涂层受热后的形态变化。结果表明,电缆的着火行为与涂层厚度紧密相关。相比于未喷涂防火涂料的电缆,覆有膨胀型高氯化聚乙烯防火涂料的电缆在加热过程中明显膨胀,生成较软的泡沫状碳质层,且引燃时间较长,电缆起火后火势较弱。随着涂层厚度的增加,该涂料对电缆的阻燃和保护效果更为显著,研究结果表明,电缆表面喷涂1.0 mm厚度的防火涂料较为适宜。     

基于烟气加热的新型垃圾热解气化炉热工特性数值模拟

为了解新型烟气加热的垃圾热解气化炉运行时的热工状况,采用实验研究与理论模拟相结合的方式,在实验室电炉热解梧桐落叶,采用烟气加热方式的热解气化炉热解粗破碎梧桐落叶的中试实验获得的初始数据的基础上,运用CFD计算软件模拟烟气加热的垃圾热解气化炉内部温度场,模拟结果与实验结果相吻合。结果显示:该炉型热解气化室内部温度分布合理,稳定的高温段分布较广,能为垃圾的热解气化提供必要的热能。同时模拟连续进料条件下热解室的内部温度分布情况,为设备的改进提供指导作用。     

节能加热法测定高锰酸盐指数

用节能加热法代替水浴法测定高锰酸盐指数。使加热时间同30min缩短为10min,省时省电。经试验,该法与水浴法测定结果一致,可用于 批量环境监测样品分析。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定农产品中痕量铍

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定农产品中痕量铍,比较了微波消解和电热板消解两种前处理方法,选择了基体改良剂。方法在0μg／L—4.00μg／L范围内线性良好,微波消解法和电热板消解法的检出限分别为0.002mg／kg和0.0002mg／kg,标样平行测定的RSD为2.4％—4.1％,农产品加标回收率为80.0％—95.0％。     

供热、供冷方式的选择及其对环境影响的评价分析

系统论述目前常见的供热方式(热产联产、区域锅炉房、家中独立热源等)和供冷方式(中压缩制冷和溴化锂吸收式制冷)的特点及其对环境的影响,阐明了选择供热、供冷方式应遵循的原则,并提出一些个人建议。     

加热酸化-Fenton氧化处理乳化液废水

采用加热酸化-Fenton氧化处理乳化液废水,在加酸量为1．0mL98％H2SO4／100mL乳化液、加热温度95℃、加热时间1h条件下,初始COD〉20万mg／L,浊度〉8000NTU的乳化液COD降低到46592mg／L,浊度降低到20NTU,加热和酸化的联合过程达到了良好的破乳效果;破乳后的出水在ρ（Fe2＋）／ρ（H2O2）=1：30、ρ（H2O2）和（COD）=1．4、pH=4的条件下进行Fenton氧化,处理后的出水COD可降到18600mg／L,去除率达61．4％,其B／C可由破乳后的0．11提高到0．43,废水的可生化性大大提高,为后续处理创造了可能。     

不同升温速率下城市污水污泥热解特性及动力学研究

利用差热-热重分析法和Coats-Redfern积分法,对杭州某污水处理厂污泥在不同升温速率下的热解特性及反应动力学特征进行研究。实验结果表明,热解温度从室温升至900℃时,污泥热解过程可分为4个失重阶段;升温速率对污泥热解转化率、挥发分析出温度以及最大失重率等热解特性参数都有显著影响。升温速率越高污泥最大失重率越大;而较低的升温速率延迟了污泥热解反应时间,导致污泥失重量相对较大。根据Coats-Redfern积分法计算结果,污泥在氮气氛围下的热解反应为二级反应模式。提高升温速率可显著增加污泥热解的表观活化能和频率因子。     

Mercury (Hg) emissions from domestic biomass combustion for space heating

Three mercury (Hg) species (gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and fine particulate-bound mercury (PBM_2.5)) were measured in the stack of a small scale wood combustion chamber at 400 °C, in the stack of an advanced wood boiler, and in two areas influenced by wood combustion. The low temperature process (lab-scale) emitted mostly GEM (∼99% when burning wood pellets and ∼95% when burning unprocessed wood). The high temperature wood boiler emitted a greater proportion of oxidized Hg (approximately 65%) than the low temperature system. In field measurements, mean PBM_2.5 concentrations at the rural and urban sites in winter were statistically significantly higher than in warmer seasons and were well correlated with Delta-C concentrations, a wood combustion indictor measured by an aethalometer (UV-absorbable carbon minus black carbon). Overall the results suggest that wood combustion may be an important source of oxidized mercury (mostly in the particulate phase) in northern climates in winter.     

Evolution of heavy metals in municipal solid waste during bio-drying and implications of their subsequent transfer during combustion

Bio-drying has been applied to improve the heating value of municipal solid waste (MSW) prior to combustion. In the present study, evolution of heavy metals in MSW during bio-drying and subsequent combustion was studied using one aerobic and two combined hydrolytic-aerobic scenarios. Heavy metals were concentrated during bio-drying and transformed between different metal fractions, namely the exchangeable, carbonate-bound, iron- and manganese-oxides-bound, organic-matter-bound and residual fractions. The amounts of heavy metals per kg of bio-dried MSW transferred into combustion flue gas increased with bio-drying time, primarily due to metals enrichment from organics degradation. Because of their volatility, the partitioning ratios of As and Hg in flue gas remained stable so that bio-drying and heavy metal speciation had little effect on their transfer and partitioning during combustion. In contrast, the partitioning ratios of Pb, Zn and Cu tended to increase after bio-drying, which likely enhanced their release potential during combustion.     

升温速率及氧浓度对长焰煤煤氧复合过程特性的影响

利用热重试验对粒径小于0.2 mm的长焰煤煤粉进行了不同氧体积分数(21%、40%、50%、60%和80%)和升温速率(20℃/min、30℃/min、40℃/min、50℃/min和60℃/min)的25种工况下煤氧复合过程中热解特性的测定,分析了两种因素对各特征值的影响。结果表明:以热失重速率为基准,长焰煤在含氧气氛下的热解过程可分为失水失重阶段、氧化增重阶段及着火、燃烧和炭化3个阶段;通用着火特性指标越大,煤样燃烧特性越好,自燃点越小,煤样工业分析结果应与其实际生产过程中的自燃危险性相结合;升温速率不变时自燃点随氧体积分数上升而下降,而煤氧复合时间随氧体积分数上升呈现先降低再微弱增加的趋势;氧体积分数一定时自燃点随升温速率上升而上升,煤氧复合时间则随之下降。对自燃点及煤氧复合时间进行均值无量纲化,并将其与无量纲化升温速率进行拟合,决定系数(R~2)约为1.0;提出了煤氧复合难易程度参数(D),计算结果表明,即使自燃点随升温速率上升发生滞后,煤氧复合难度仍然减弱。