Potential for cascading impacts of environmental change and policy on indigenous culture

Global environmental and societal changes threaten the cultures of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC). Despite the importance of IPLC worldviews and knowledge to sustaining human well-being and biodiversity, risks to these cultural resources are commonly neglected in environmental governance, in part because impacts can be indirect and therefore difficult to evaluate. Here, we investigate the connectivity of values associated with the relationship Ngātiwai (a New Zealand Māori tribe) have with their environment. We show that mapping the architecture of values-environment relationships enables assessment of how deep into culture the impacts of environmental change or policy can cascade. Our results detail how loss of access to key environmental elements could potentially have extensive direct and cascading impacts on the cultural values of Ngātiwai, including environmental responsibilities. Thus, considering only direct effects of environmental change or policy on cultural resources, or treating IPLC social-ecological relations simplistically, can severely underestimate threats to cultures.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01670-3.     

山东省孔孟文化遗产地建设生态环境影响评价

本文在分析山东省孔孟文化遗产地建设项目区生态环境现状的基础上,从土地利用、生物量、水土流失和景观等方面分析了施工期和运营期项目对生态环境的影响,在此基础上提出了相应的生态保护和恢复的对策。     

The valuation of historical sites: a case study of Valdivia,Chile

The economic valuation of cultural heritage is an area of increasing interest and an important research topic in the emerging field of cultural economics. Many services and values associated with cultural heritage are not traded in markets, and their estimation requires methods developed for the valuation of non-market goods, such as those used in environmental economics. This paper applies the contingent valuation method with double dichotomous choice to estimate the value of historical sites in the city of Valdivia, Chile. The valuation exercise was implemented by designing a hypothetical guided walking tour to a cluster of historical sites in the city centre, and surveying tourists visiting the city during the summer of 2004. Parametric and non-parametric statistical methods were used to estimate the survival distribution and the mean and median estimates of the willingness-to-pay (WTP). The study emphasizes the importance of explicitly treating heterogeneous preferences and the sensitivity of the survival distribution to the estimation methods used.     

中国世界遗产的资源管理与可持续发展研究——以登封“天地之中”历史建筑群为例

登封“天地之中”历史建筑群包括8处11项中国古代建筑精华,2010年联合国教科文组织第34届世界遗产大会将其列入《世界遗产名录》。简要介绍了“天地之中”历史建筑群的概况,阐述了其历史背景、建筑特点、文化内涵和遗产价值,分析了遗产资源存在的问题,并从完善管理体制角度出发,对遗产资源的可持续发展提出了相关建议。     

文化景观遗产的可持续发展浅析——以杭州西湖为例

文化景观是自然、文化和历史的完美结合体,文化景观遗产的设立不但改变了世界遗产对价值的认识,而且拓宽了世界遗产的实践领域。从世界文化景观遗产入手,分析了它的分布现状及其原因;介绍了我国两项文化景观遗产之一的西湖,同时利用SWOT分析法对西湖进行分析,总结西湖的可持续发展趋势。通过综合分析,提出我国文化景观申遗和保护的建议。     

武陵源世界自然遗产地生态旅游资源评价研究

生态旅游资源评价是生态旅游开发的首要问题。根据武陵源世界自然遗产地生态旅游资源分布情况,构建了包括资源价值、景点模式与旅游条件在内的3个评价综合层、10个项目层和11个因子层所组成的评价体系,并采用层次分析法对武陵源生态旅游资源进行了重新审视。评价结果显示,武陵源生态旅游资源的等级为世界级,具备发展生态旅游的优异条件。     

Protecting cultural assets from bushfires: a question of comprehensive planning

Cultural heritage sites form an unrenewable asset that is threatened by natural disasters. Given the high bushfire risk, mandatory Bush Fire Risk Management Plans have been drawn up throughout New South Wales, Australia. We compared their mandatory provisions for the protection of heritage assets with an 'Ideal Heritage Disaster Plan', containing a series of non-negotiable elements. The examined plans fell well short of the ideal. Preparedness Plans generally lacked a discussion of suppression techniques (for historic heritage), prevention, prescribed drills and communication procedures. None of the Response Plans or Recovery Plans contained any of the required core elements, such as rapid suppression techniques and stabilisation procedures. Where aspects were covered, they were addressed in an inadequate level of detail. The overall quality of the cultural heritage components of the plans is judged to be poor. Suggestions are made on how to improve the situation if heritage assets are to have a future following bushfire events.     

以城市经济发展为主导的历史文化遗产保护模式与对策——以四川省三台县为例

历史文化遗产作为城市的重要组成部分,与城市的文化、经济、生活具有高度的关联性,其科学合理的保护利用已成为学术界和政府共同关注的热点问题。从城市产业结构调整、用地性质置换等方面入手,以四川省三台县为例进行了实证研究,试图提出一种以经济发展为引导的历史文化遗产保护模式,使其与城市经济协调、可持续地发展。     

基于产权分析的自然遗产保护研究

自然遗产保护的根本问题是产权问题，产权问题是伴随着自然遗产的稀缺性而日渐突出的。产权不清而日渐导致的市场缺陷已经成为自然遗产保护的根本障碍。产权本身是一个权利束，要有效地建立我国自然遗产保护制度体系，必须清晰地确定自然遗产的产权，理顺自然遗产的产权关系。本文系统地分析了自然遗产的产权，指出自然遗产的产权本质是一系列的社会关系，通过对自然遗产的管理权、经营权、相邻权等权利做出相关解读，指出自然遗产产权缺陷已经扭曲了自然遗产的价格，导致了自然遗产市场的不平衡。从而完全构成了自然遗产保护的制度障碍。因此，通过理清产权，清除市场障碍，来完成和实现自然遗产法律制度的改革和管理制度的创新是有建设意义的。     

地质公园可持续发展模式创新研究

我国地质公园建设取得了显著的成绩，同时也出现了许多问题，以至影响地质公园的健康、持续发展。其关键在于，没有针对不同地质公园的主要功能制定公园的可持续发展模式和发展战略。介绍了地质公园可持续发展模式创新研究的意义，在综合分析与评价我国地质公园发展现状的基础上，提出了地质公园应根据其主要功能，选择不同的可持续发晨模式。