皖南新元古代花岗闪长岩地球化学特征及构造环境

皖南新元古代花岗闪长岩沿祁门-歙县-三阳深断裂呈串珠状出露。本文在对其岩石学、地球化学细致分析的基础上,探讨了岩体的岩石成因和产出环境。皖南新元古代花岗闪长岩主要由石英、钾长石和斜长石组成,普遍含富铝矿物黑云母和堇青石,副矿物包括锆石、磷灰石、钛铁矿、独居石、磷钇矿、极少的磁铁矿等。地球化学分析数据显示,岩石总体具高硅、高钾、高铝和低钠、低镁、低钙的特征;岩石富碱(ALK=6.63%),高K2O/Na2O比值(1.33)。里特曼指数σ为0.8～2.91,碱度率AR为1.56～3.14,属高钾钙碱性系列。岩石铝饱和指数(A/CNK=1.31)大于1.1,具强过铝质S型花岗岩的特征。岩石稀土元素呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特征,ΣLREE/ΣHREE比值为5.36～8.36,具较强的负铕异常(δEu=0.39～0.7),配分模式为右倾"V"字形态;微量元素明显富集Rb、Th而亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr等,为低Sr高Yb型花岗岩。地球化学特征显示其岩浆源于围岩-中元古代牛屋组浅变质千枚岩的部分熔融,反映陆-陆碰撞挤压造山环境,为晋宁运动晚期华夏板块向北俯冲与扬子板块碰撞造山的火山弧产物。     

社会体育指导与管理本科专业课程设置探析简

通过文献资料法,对2013年8月申报社会体育指导与管理专业的9所高校本科课程设置现状与问题进行分析,以期提高本专业的人才培养质量。结果表明,各院校的人才培养方案专业必修课和选修课能够满足教育部对本专业课程的规定,但部分院校选修方向与职业联系不密切;选修方向课程学分均不超过总学分比例的10%,不能满足就业需求;课程开设时期普遍偏晚,不利于专业职业技能的形成。建议专业方向课程应与职业教育密切相连,并满足职业教育的需求。     

China's endemic vertebrates sheltering under the protective umbrella of the giant panda

The giant panda attracts disproportionate conservation resources. How well does this emphasis protect other endemic species? Detailed data on geographical ranges are not available for plants or invertebrates, so we restrict our analyses to 3 vertebrate taxa: birds, mammals, and amphibians. There are gaps in their protection, and we recommend practical actions to fill them. We identified patterns of species richness, then identified which species are endemic to China, and then which, like the panda, live in forests. After refining each species' range by its known elevational range and remaining forest habitats as determined from remote sensing, we identified the top 5% richest areas as the centers of endemism. Southern mountains, especially the eastern Hengduan Mountains, were centers for all 3 taxa. Over 96% of the panda habitat overlapped the endemic centers. Thus, investing in almost any panda habitat will benefit many other endemics. Existing panda national nature reserves cover all but one of the endemic species that overlap with the panda's distribution. Of particular interest are 14 mammal, 20 bird, and 82 amphibian species that are inadequately protected. Most of these species the International Union for Conservation of Nature currently deems threatened. But 7 mammal, 3 bird, and 20 amphibian species are currently nonthreatened, yet their geographical ranges are <20,000 km² after accounting for elevational restriction and remaining habitats. These species concentrate mainly in Sichuan, Yunnan, Nan Mountains, and Hainan. There is a high concentration in the east Daxiang and Xiaoxiang Mountains of Sichuan, where pandas are absent and where there are no national nature reserves. The others concentrate in Yunnan, Nan Mountains, and Hainan. Here, 10 prefectures might establish new protected areas or upgrade local nature reserves to national status.     

粉煤灰-煤矸石基胶结充填材料制备与性能研究

为了解决我国煤矿采空区地表沉陷以及"三下"压煤资源浪费的问题,提出以粉煤灰-水泥熟料-脱硫石膏复合胶凝材料为胶结材,原状粉煤灰为细骨料,破碎后的煤矸石为粗骨料制备新型煤矿开采胶结充填材料。依据正交试验结果和各因素影响规律趋势图,确定充填材料的优化配合比。研究结果表明,适当增大水泥熟料掺量可缩短材料初凝时间,减小水胶比能使材料强度显著提高,而材料坍落度可通过选取适宜的浆体中的固体质量分数和灰矸比来有效调节,当胶凝材料中水泥含量为15%,脱硫石膏含量为8%,水胶比为2,灰矸比为2∶3,浆体中的固体质量分数为70%时,充填材料性能可达到最佳。通过试验优选材料各项参数,工业废弃物可以用来制备高质量的胶结充填材料。     

磁赤铁矿/多羧基有机酸体系中五氯酚的异相光化学降解

自然界广泛存在的铁氧化物与多羧基有机酸在光照条件下能够由内源自身生成活性物过氧化氢,构成异相类Fenton体系降解污染物.在实验室构建了由磁赤铁矿和多羧基有机酸组成的光化学体系,研究了五氯酚在此体系中的降解和脱氯.结果表明,五氯酚在此异相光化学体系中的降解效率受波长范围、有机酸种类和氧气的显著影响.在UV-A波长范围,五氯酚具有较高的光降解效率.草酸能够显著促进五氯酚在磁赤铁矿中的异相光降解,但柠檬酸不具有此作用.氧气是体系中生成各种含氧活性物的必要条件.五氯酚在此体系中的降解遵循一级反应动力学.最佳实验条件下,五氯酚1 h的降解率可达80%以上,脱氯率可达35%以上.对体系主要活性物过氧化氧的定量研究较好的解释了体系在各种条件下的活性差异.     

循环经济背景下的企业环境会计账户设置优化方法浅析

循环经济发展的宏观形势下,企业的竞争环境发生了转变,经营者在运作过程中不能只考虑经济绩效,同时还必须环境绩效和社会绩效的影响,因此企业环境会计的账户设置也应当进行适当的调整;但是目前关于这方面的理论研究尚显得较为单薄.该文首先从理论推演方面探讨和归纳出了循环经济背景下企业日常经营运作机制的相关评价指标;然后分别选择了制造型企业和生产型服务企业各一家作为研究样本,运用多元统计学中的逻辑回归分析法作为工具进行了实证研究;并结合实证分析的结果,确定了循环经济背景下这两类企业环境会计账户设置优化的可行性途径.     

Lessons from seabird conservation in Alaskan longline fisheries

Although bycatch of seabirds and other long-lived species is a critical conservation issue in world fisheries, case studies documenting significant reductions in the mortality of these low-productivity species in a fishery are rare. We studied progress toward seabird conservation in the Alaskan longline fisheries, one of the largest and most diverse demersal fisheries. We generated annual seabird bycatch rates in 4 target fisheries and all fisheries combined from 23 years of fisheries observer data. We used 0-inflated negative binomial models to evaluate variables influencing seabird bycatch per unit effort (BPUE) in 2 target fisheries. Following adoption of streamer lines, at first voluntarily and then mandatorily, seabird BPUE was reduced by 77–90%, preventing mortality of thousands of birds per year. Despite this, BPUE increased significantly in 2 of 4 target fisheries since streamer lines were adopted. Although night setting yielded significant reductions (74–97%) in seabird BPUE and significant increases (7–11%) in fish catch per unit effort over daytime setting, nighttime setting increased the BPUE of Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) by 40% and nontarget fish species by 5–17%. Thus, best practices to prevent seabird mortalities in longline fisheries varied by species assemblage and fishery. Our results inform global efforts toward fisheries bycatch reduction by illustrating that successful conservation requires fishery-specific solutions, strong industry support, constant vigilance in analysis and reporting observer data, and ongoing outreach to fleets, especially to vessels with anomalously high BPUE.     

Photo-Induced OH reactions of naphthalene and its oxidation products on SiO2

The photo-induced degradation of naphthalene, 1,4-naphthoquinone, 1-naphthol and 1-NO₂ naphthalene, adsorbed on silica gel, and with the addition of nitrogenous air pollutants e.g. NO₂ (as KNO₂) was investigated. Results indicate that compounds adsorbed onto a solid carrier are degraded when irradiated with UV light (λ > 290 nm) in the presence of nitrites. The key species initiating the naphthalene degradation is the OH-radical which is generated through the photolysis of NO₂. Reaction products identified were 2-formyl-cinnamaldehyde, 1,4-naphthoquinone, nitronaphthol, o-phthaldialdehyde, phthalide and nitronaphthalene. A mass balance between 40–50% was achieved. Under the same irradiation conditions, 1-NO₂ naphthalene is mainly degraded by direct photolysis while degradation of 1-naphthol and 1,4-naphthoquinone proceeds via the reaction with OH-radicals. Identified products were hydroxy-nitro-nitroso- and quinones compounds.     

湿式氧化技术的应用现状与发展

湿式氧化技术是上世纪50年代发展起来的一项在高温高压下处理废水的技术。50年来,被广泛地应用于高浓度难降解有机废水和城市污水厂污泥的处理。着重介绍了当今世界上几种主要的湿式氧化工艺的工艺特点及应用现状,为我国湿式氧化技术的工业应用提供参考,并提出了今后的研究重点。     

Observations of nitrous acid and its relative humidity dependence in Shanghai

Nitrous acid, HNO2, is an important precursor of OH radicals in the troposphere. Measurements of HNO2 and NO2, using differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS）, were performed in Shanghai, China for a period from October 22, 2004 to January 4, 2005. The mean （and median） hourly concentrations of HNO2 and NO2 during this period were 1.1 （0.7） ppb and 24 （21.4） ppb respectively. A correlation between HNO2/NO2 and PM10 mass concentrations was obtained. This correlation suggests that significant heterogeneous chemical production of HNO2 may occur through NO2 reactions on aerosol surfaces. This hypothesis was further supported by detailed analysis of selected pollution episodes in this study. At the same time, the water dependence of HNO2 formation was studied by analysis of relative humidity （RH）. It showed that the maximum HNO2/NO2 ratio was increased along with RH below 70% and inhibited at RH〉70%.