钒酸铁类Fenton催化剂的制备及性能研究

在不同酸碱条件下,采用水热法制备了FeVO4催化剂,利用XRD、TEM、FTIR对产物表征,并将其作为非均相类Fenton催化剂氧化降解有机染料罗丹明B,研究了初始反应溶液pH值、类Fenton试剂中各组分的浓度、钒酸铁催化剂的制备条件等因素对类Fenton反应效率的影响.结果表明,制备的钒酸铁为FeVO4﹒1.25H2O,在优化条件下降解罗丹明B时60min内脱色率可达97%以上.与传统Fenton试剂相比,类Fenton催化剂具有更广泛的pH适用范围,易于与水分离,应用前景广阔.     

基于两相流模型数值研究可燃颗粒燃烧爆轰的特性

粉尘爆炸是工业爆炸灾害的重要形式。建立可燃颗粒非均相系统的燃烧爆轰模型,基于Eulerian-Eulerian数值描述方法,采取有限差分方法编制非均相系统燃烧和爆轰发展的数值模拟程序,对封闭空间内两相非定常爆轰过程进行研究。数值分析可燃颗粒尺度、颗粒浓度对非均相系统燃烧、爆轰特性的影响。结果表明:在一定的范围内,当可燃颗粒的体积分数为10%,粒径0.5mm时,流场的燃烧爆轰效应最强。即10.6ms时刻,流场压力值达到28MPa,温度高达2600K,颗粒燃烧效率最高。     

我国安全工程专业高等教育发展现状分析

为了构建科学的安全工程专业人才培养模式,促进安全工程专业高等教育的发展,作者在回顾我国安全工程专业建立和发展历程的基础上,统计了当前全国开设安全工程专业的高校数量、规模以及发展趋势;同时对我国高等院校安全工程专业的培养模式、课程设置以及毕业生就业等方面的现状进行了分析;指出了目前我国安全工程专业高等教育所存在的问题,并就如何解决这些问题给出了相应的建议,对我国更好地培养安全工程专业人才具有科学性指导意义。     

基于系统动力学的中国绿色发展政策仿真研究

迅速的工业化进程为我国带来了巨大的经济增长,但其引发的资源和环境问题也日益突出,为应对这一严峻挑战,我国开始转变发展思路,推行绿色发展的发展理念。鉴于绿色发展过程中经济、资源、环境多系统之间存在复杂的相互作用,本研究采用系统动力学方法构建了中国经济—资源—环境的动态模型,并在模型有效性的基础上通过五种典型发展模式对政策进行仿真,进而对不同模式未来的发展趋势进行分析。结果表明:加大环保、能源设备更新投资,促进环境友好型、资源节约型社会建设,是我国实现绿色发展的必由之路;绿色发展过程中还要注重各系统间的协调发展,从整体层面制定绿色发展政策;同时,政府还要关注绿色发展的文化建设,促进公众生活和消费方式的绿色转型。     

Iron-doped copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate as photo-Fenton catalyst for degradation of methylene blue

Abstract

A metal-organic framework of iron-doped copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate was synthesized and, for the first time, utilized as a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst for degradation of methylene blue dye in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The synthesized materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The influence factors, kinetics, and stability of the synthesized catalysts were investigated in detail. Iron-doped copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate showed higher degradation efficiency than pure copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate. An almost complete degradation was achieved within 70?min under visible light irradiation at a solution pH of 6, a catalyst loading of 1?g?L^?1, a H₂O₂ dosage of 0.05?mol L^?1 and methylene blue concentration of 50?mg?L^?1. Recycling studies demonstrated that the iron-doped copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate is a promising heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst for long-term removal of methylene blue dye from industrial wastewater.     

Physical and chemical processes of wintertime secondary nitrate aerosol formation

The UCD/CIT model was modified to include a process analysis (PA) scheme for gas and particulate matter (PM) to study the formation of secondary nitrate aerosol during a stagnant wintertime air pollution episode during the California Regional PM_2.5/PM₁₀ Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) where detailed measurements of PM components are available at a few sites. Secondary nitrate is formed in the urban areas from near the ground to a few hundred meters above the surface during the day with a maximum modeled net increase rate of 4 μg·m^-3·d^-1 during the study episode. The secondary nitrate formation rate in rural areas is lower due to lower NO₂. In the afternoon hours, near-surface temperature can be high enough to evaporate the particulate nitrate. In the nighttime hours, both the gas phase N₂O₅ reactions with water vapor and the N₂O₅ heterogeneous reactions with particle-bound water are important for secondary nitrate formation. The N₂O₅ reactions are most import near the surface to a few hundred meters above surface with a maximum modeled net secondary nitrate increase rate of 1 μg·m^-3·d^-1 and are more significant in the rural areas where the O₃ concentrations are high at night. In general, vertical transport during the day moves the nitrate formed near the surface to higher elevations. During the stagnant days, process analysis indicates that the nitrate concentration in the upper air builds up and leads to a net downward flux of nitrate through vertical diffusion and a rapid increase of surface nitrate concentration.     

水介质中催化剂Raney Ni催化2-氯酚加氢脱氯

选择水作为反应介质,以氢气为氢源,研究了Raney Ni催化下、水溶液中2-氯酚的加氢脱氯,调查了溶剂、碱助剂和碱金属或碱土金属氯化物对加氢脱氯反应的影响.发现在水体系中,2-氯酚更容易被加氢脱氯,水作为反应介质时显著改善了加氢脱氯的反应环境,消除了无机氯化物在催化剂表面的吸附和累积,使催化剂保持了高活性.     

非均相催化氧化处理活性艳红染料废水

以粉煤灰作为载体,制备了非均相催化剂。研究了非均相催化氧化处理98mg·L^-1活性艳红模拟染料废水的实验效果。实验结果表明,在催化剂投加量40g·L^-1、30％的H2O2投加量3mL·L^-1、pH值4、处理时间10min的最佳处理条件下,非均相催化体系对活性艳红染料的脱色率达到98．21％。对比均相催化氧化法,非均相催化氧化技术提高了对活性艳红染料的脱色率,缩短了反应时间,提高了H2O2利用效率,扩大了pH值范围,改进了Fe^2＋流失的不足。     

“创设”抑或“改进”——环境行政拘留设置探微

2010年新施行的《环境行政处罚办法》第10条"处罚种类"中明文增加"行政拘留",从而被误读为创设了中国环境行政处罚的新型罚种,然而通过对于环境行政拘留立法的梳理可以发现相关规定仅仅是一种"改进"而非"创设",并且在展现亮点的同时存在需要进一步完善的盲点区域。     

贺兰山中段奥陶系米钵山组砂岩地球化学及构造背景分析

本文利用奥陶系米钵山组砂岩地球化学分析,结合区域地质研究,探讨贺兰山中、晚奥陶世的构造环境。贺兰山中段奥陶系米钵山组砂岩的地球化学研究表明,砂岩的SiO2平均含量为81.3%;Al2O3/SiO2值0.07～0.11,平均值为0.08;K2O/Na2O值变化较大,最大60.7,一般介于4.79～7.81;Fe2O3+MgO含量较低,介于2.1%～2.81%。砂岩微量元素Nb丰度及V/(V+Ni)与Ce/La、Sr/Ba值均较高,说明砂岩沉积于湿热、还原、低盐度环境,具有大陆型沉积特征。砂岩稀土元素富集,含量在116×10-6～195×10-6之间,平均值为158×10-6;δEu为0.52～0.58,具显著的负铕异常。这些数据指示了米钵山组具有重力流快速堆积的特征和大量陆源补给,浊流沉积作用是重力流携带陆源物质的主要途径。通过多种构造环境判别图解分析,显示物源区地质构造具有被动大陆边缘性质。