活性炭催化过二硫酸盐降解水中AO7

过二硫酸盐（persulfate,PS）活化技术是基于硫酸根自由基（SO 4^-.）的一种新型高级氧化技术.用颗粒状活性炭（GAC）常温常压下直接非均相催化PS来降解水中难生化偶氮染料AO7（acid orange 7）.结果表明,GAC/PS体系对AO7不但能够快速脱色,而且有较高的矿化率.n（PS）∶n（AO7）为...     

NO2在高岭石表面的非均相反应研究

高岭石是典型的1∶1型层状结构的硅铝酸盐,研究其非均相反应对于了解粘土类矿物的非均相反应具有重要的意义.因此,试验以原位漫反射红外傅里叶变换光谱（DRIFTS）为研究手段,对NO2在高岭石表面的非均相反应进行了系统的研究.结果表明,NO2在高岭石表面发生歧化反应生成NO3-和NO2-.相对湿度对非均相反应具有重要影响,有水汽存在时会增加反应的持续能力,但相对湿度的增加会使摄取系数降低.在干态和湿态条件下,NO2在高岭石表面的反应机理不同,干态下为二级反应,湿态下为一级反应.     

Conversion of the refractory ammonia and acetic acid in catalytic wet air oxidation of animal byproducts

Wet air oxidation (WAO) and catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of slaughtered animal byproducts (ABPs) were investigated. Two step experiment was carried out consisting of a non-catalysedWAO run followed by a CWAO run at 170–275°C , 20 MPa, and reaction time 180 min. TheWAO (1st step) of sample (5 g/L total organic carbon (TOC)) yielded (82.0 4)% TOC removal and (78.4 13.2)% conversion of the initial organic-N into NH4 +-N. Four metal catalysts (Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru) supported over alumina have been tested in catalytic WAO (2nd step) at elevated pH to enhance ammonia conversion and organic matter removal, particularly acetic acid. It was found that the catalysts Ru, Pt, and Rh had significant e ects on the TOC removal (95.1%, 99.5% and 96.7%, respectively) and on the abatement of ammonia (93.4%, 96.7% and 96.3%, respectively) with high nitrogen selectivity. The catalyst Pd was found to have the less activity while Pt had the best performance. The X-Ray di raction analysis showed that the support of catalyst was not stable under the experimental conditions since it reacted with phosphate present in solution. Nitrite and nitrate ions were monitored during the oxidation reaction and it was concluded that CWAO of ammonia in real waste treatment framework was in good agreement with the results obtained from the literature for ideal solutions of ammonia.     

新型非均相电-Fenton技术深度处理焦化废水

分别采用高效氯气还原阴极PAQ/GF和形稳性阳极IrO2-RuO2-TiO2/Ti做为阴、阳极,填充非均相催化剂,研究一种阴、阳极同时催化氧化的电化学过程,并应用于焦化废水生化出水深度处理.采用在石墨毡上电聚合蒽醌制备PAQ/GF电极,并用循环伏安进行了表征.结果表明,蒽醌在电极表面具有很好的可逆性,并对电催化还原氧气...     

地下多层设置商场的可行性分析

本文针对地下多层商场火灾防治的难题,引出国家标准"地下三层不得设置商业"的规定,通过介绍国内外地下多层商场实例,提出了地下多层设置商业的改良措施,并以广州一家大型地下购物广场为工程实例,对该商场负三层进行了火灾危险性分析,验证了其防火分区划分及疏散通道设计,确定了人数换算系数,通过展现其消防安全优势,证明了地下多层设置...     

氯氧铁非均相催化过氧化氢降解罗丹明B

传统芬顿(Fenton)法因反应pH值低、产生大量铁泥等限制其规模化应用.采用化学气相转变法制备氯氧铁(FeOCl)纳米片,选择罗丹明B为模型污染物,研究FeOCl作为类芬顿催化剂催化过氧化氢(H_2O_2)降解罗丹明B性能.通过扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和X射线衍射光谱(XRD)等表征结果显示,FeOCl晶型结构完整、呈现纳米片状,可充分暴露催化活性位点.罗丹明B降解实验结果表明,H_2O_2投量为1. 67 mmol·L~(-1)时,投加200 mg·L~(-1)FeOCl,可使得罗丹明B去除率由15. 5%提高至100%(15 min). FeOCl的催化性能随pH升高而降低,初始pH为3、5和7时,反应15 min后罗丹明B去除率分别为100%、100%和84. 0%,初始pH提升至9,去除率则显著降低至57. 6%.与传统Fenton法比较,FeOCl催化H_2O_2的pH值范围明显拓展,在弱酸性和中性条件下表现出优良的催化性能.自由基淬灭实验表明,FeOCl/H_2O_2体系催化降解罗丹明B起主要作用的是羟基自由基(·OH).电子自旋共振波谱仪测定(EPR)结果表明,单独H_2O_2体系未检测出明显的自由基信号,而投加FeOCl使得·OH信号显著增强,·OH是降解罗丹明B的主要氧化活性物种.     

大气非均相反应及其环境效应

大气颗粒物是地球大气的重要组成成分之一,以全球气候和区域环境质量具有重要影响.由于大气颗粒物具有区域牲强、寿命较短和组成多样且不均匀等特点,使得其气候和环境效应具有相当大的不确定性,而颗粒物表面发生的非均相反应,一方面可改变痕量气体的源汇平衡,另一方面会改变颗粒物本身的表面组成、形貌和与之相关的吸湿性和光学性质,从而进...     

Comparison of Catalytic Degradation of Aniline by Immobilized Iron Oxide Catalysts

Abstract In this study, iron oxides immobilized onto silica and alumina granular carriers in a fluidized-bed reactor were applied as silica granule (SG) and alumina granule (AG) catalysts, respectively; the SG and AG catalysts were used to explore the catalytic decomposition of H2O2. Effects of H2O2 concentration and temperature on the oxidation of aniline were determined to compare the reactive efficiencies of the SG and AG catalysts. Results showed that H2O2 decomposition could be efficiently catalyzed by the SG and AG catalysts. Degradation rates of aniline increased with increasing H2O2 concentration and temperature in both catalyst systems. The AG catalyst (smaller particle size) had more surface sites for precipitation of iron oxide than the SG catalyst (larger particle size). Consequently, in the initial stages of the reaction, hydroxyl radicals (?OH) were generated more rapidly with the AG catalyst than with the SG catalyst and the degradation of aniline by the AG catalyst was faster than that by ...     

O_3/Mn-Fe(3∶1)/载体硅胶催化降解硝基苯的动态试验研究

非均相催化臭氧化技术能够快速、有效地去除污水中较高浓度难降解有机污染物,比较适用于处理突发环境污染事故。通过对O3/Mn-Fe(3∶1)/载体硅胶在不同试验条件下处理高浓度硝基苯废水进行了动态试验研究,并考察了连续处理实际有机废水效果。试验结果表明:硝基苯废水为2 L、进水流速为0.2 m/s、催化剂投加量为20 mg/l、引发剂H2O2投加量为20 ml时,连续运行1小时后,硝基苯的去除率达到75.4%;反应器连续运行30天,出水中的硝基苯去除率稳定在65%左右。     

我国安全工程本科专业课程设置的合理性分析

安全工程本科专业课程设置的合理性直接关系到安全工程学科的发展、专业人才的培养以及学生就业方向的选择,对安全工程本科专业的发展起着关键性的作用。基于安全工程本科专业的人才培养和理论基础,随机选取我国国内100所开设安全工程专业的院校,对其进行专业所在院系和行业背景的调查以及专业课程的设置情况统计,分析课程设置存在的不合理之处,并利用层次分析法探讨了专业课程的合理设置比例,以期为安全工程本科课程设置提供参考。