Observations of nitrous acid and its relative humidity dependence in Shanghai

Nitrous acid, HNO2, is an important precursor of OH radicals in the troposphere. Measurements of HNO2 and NO2, using differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS）, were performed in Shanghai, China for a period from October 22, 2004 to January 4, 2005. The mean （and median） hourly concentrations of HNO2 and NO2 during this period were 1.1 （0.7） ppb and 24 （21.4） ppb respectively. A correlation between HNO2/NO2 and PM10 mass concentrations was obtained. This correlation suggests that significant heterogeneous chemical production of HNO2 may occur through NO2 reactions on aerosol surfaces. This hypothesis was further supported by detailed analysis of selected pollution episodes in this study. At the same time, the water dependence of HNO2 formation was studied by analysis of relative humidity （RH）. It showed that the maximum HNO2/NO2 ratio was increased along with RH below 70% and inhibited at RH〉70%.     

露天矿山安全管理中异级群组共生决策研究

为解决露天矿山安全管理中利益博弈问题,探究利益相关主体间的共生形成过程,基于共生理论构建以管理者和员工为主体的共生决策博弈模型,并通过稳定性分析和数值仿真探究各主体共生决策的影响因素和演化路径。研究结果表明：博弈主体的共生决策与共生效益、收益分配系数、共生成本、机会主义收益、问责惩罚等因素密切相关;通过分析16种不同参数情形,得到4个演化均衡点;运用Matlab软件进行数值仿真,检验模型准确性,为促进企业安全管理工作共生发展提出相关对策和建议。     

The influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on the green development of the mining industry: empirical analysis based on the system GMM and dynamic panel data model

The intensity of environmental regulation (ERI) affects the short-term effect of the level of green mining (GML), and which structure determines the long-term mechanism. Based on the panel data from 2001 to 2015, with the dynamic panel model and system GMM estimation method were employed to test the influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on green mining and its transmission mechanism. The results show that, there is a “U” type nonlinear relationship between the ERI and GML. The direct effect of command-control-based (CAC) and the market incentive-based (MBI) environmental regulation on green development of mining shows the characteristics of inhibition and promotion. There is a “U” type of indirectly moderating effect between technological innovation and the energy consumption structure on the GML. The technological innovation promotes the green development of the mining industry only after pass the inflection point of MBI, while the CAC plays a significant guiding role in upgrading of the energy consumption structure. There is an inhibition and promotion effect of MBI on the GML in the southeast coastal area, and the CAC is not significantly. Meanwhile, both of the ERI shows no positive effects in the central and western inland region.     

含铁矿物与UV联合催化H2O2深度处理印染废水

分别以天然含铁矿物黄铜矿、磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿为催化剂,构建了UV-异相类Fenton体系处理实际印染废水生化出水,确定了最优反应条件,并对反应机理进行了初步探讨。实验结果表明:最佳条件下,以黄铜矿、磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿为催化剂的3种异相UV-类Fenton体系对废水的COD去除率分别可达58.83%、57.41%和60.57%,UV254去除率均大于94%;3种天然矿物在重复使用5次后对废水COD的去除率仍保持在50%以上,光催化活性稳定;该体系产生·OH的途径主要有催化剂表面的Fe(Ⅱ)催化H_2O_2分解、H_2O_2光解、溶出的Fe~(2+)催化H_2O_2分解3种,以前两种方式为主。     

SO42-/SnO2 -Fe2O3-硅藻土固体酸催化剂的制备及其对染料废水的催化处理

以硅藻土为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法引入金属氧化物SnO₂和Fe₂O₃,制备了二元氧化物复合型SO₄^2-/SnO₂-Fe₂O₃-硅藻土固体酸催化剂。利用该催化剂与H₂O₂构成非均相类Fenton试剂氧化体系,催化H₂O₂产生氧化能力极强的·OH,用于处理实际翠蓝废水和模拟亚甲基蓝废水。催化剂的最佳制备条件为：H₂SO₄溶液的浓度3 mol/L,浸渍时间2.0 h,焙烧温度550 ℃,焙烧时间3.5 h,焙烧方式为随炉升降温。实验结果表明：采用在最佳工艺条件下制得的催化剂,处理实际翠蓝废水COD去除率可达79.5%、脱色率达99.6%;处理模拟亚甲基蓝废水COD去除率可达83.1%、脱色率达99.6%。     

Evaluation of the effect of different treatment methods on sugarcane vinasse remediation

Abstract

Sugarcane vinasse is a by-product obtained during ethanol production in sugar-ethanol plants. For each 1?L of ethanol produced approximately 11?L of vinasse are generated. As this residue is obtained in high amounts, it is used as fertilizer in sugarcane crops. However, despite being rich in nutrients, sugarcane vinasse is approximately one hundred times more polluting than domestic sewage, making it an environmental problem. Thus, the aim of the present study was to propose a treatment sequence for sugarcane vinasse and evaluate the possibility of energetic use of the generated sludge in the coagulation/flocculation stage. pH, conductivity, turbidity and decreases in UV/Vis absorption spectra were determined for each treatment step. In addition, the upper calorific value of the generated sludge was also determined, while ash (adsorption treatment) and catalyst (heterogeneous photocatalysis) characterizations were also carried out. At the end of the treatment, initial vinasse turbidity was reduced by 100% and pH and conductivity values were stabilized. The sludge presented a higher calorific value of approximately 3,000?kcal kg^?1 and the ash and catalyst displayed favorable characteristics to be applied to the sugarcane vinasse treatment stages.     

春节燃放烟花爆竹对南京气溶胶细粒子的影响

根据南京城区草场门与远郊固城湖大气观测点PM2.5质量浓度及组分监测结果,分析了2012年春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对城市气溶胶细粒子的影响。结果表明,春节除夕和初五烟花爆竹集中燃放时段,草场门观测点PM10和PM2.5均出现同步异常突升,且细颗粒物占比较大,PM2.5最大峰值同比远郊固城湖观测点分别高出2.79倍和6.02倍;PM2.5各化学组分中,城区草场门观测点水溶性离子K^＋、Cl^-和SO4^2＋以及微量元素K、Al、Mg、Fe、Ba等值同比远郊固城湖明显偏高,春节烟花爆竹燃放对南京城区空气质量影响显著。     

定型机油烟废气监测分析方法初探

定型机废气污染是当前环境投诉的热点之一,油烟污染是定型机废气的主要问题,我国尚无定型机废气监测分析的标准方法。本文参照《餐饮业油烟排放标准》（试行）（GB 18483-2001）中的方法,比较了餐饮业油烟废气和定型机油烟废气在成分、排放方式等方面的相同点和不同点,从采样方法、采样时间等对定型机油烟废气的监测分析进行了初探,确定了定型机油烟废气竣工验收参考的采样方法和时间等要素。     

零价铁与双氧水异相Fenton降解活性艳橙X-GN

采用Fe0与H2O2构成异相Fenton体系降解偶氮染料活性艳橙X-GN,考察了初始pH、H2O2和Fe0投加量、温度等对反应过程的影响。实验结果表明,在初始pH值为3.0、Fe0投加量为0.8 g/L、H2O2投加量为5 mmol/L和反应温度30℃的条件下,反应60 min后活性艳橙降解率达到96.2%。Fe0与H2O2投加量都存在一个最佳范围,当Fe0与H2O2浓度大于0.8 g/L和5 mmol/L时,羟基自由基会通过其他方式消耗,致使活性艳橙降解率下降。酸性条件和提高温度均有利于反应的进行。反应符合准一级动力学,表观反应速率常数k为0.064 min-1(30℃),反应活化能为80.62 kJ/mol。UV-Vis光谱扫描表明,反应过程中活性艳橙的发色基团及苯环结构均被破坏。     

多相Fenton氧化-沉淀法处理2,3-二羟基琥珀酸铜废水

针对工业废水中难以去除的络合态重金属,采用自制的负载型FeSO4/HS为催化剂,用Fenton-like氧化2,3-二羟基琥珀酸铜废水,并将游离出来的铜加碱沉淀除去。研究发现,当2相似文献