A traffic safety evaluation of California's traffic violator school citation dismissal policy

Introduction

This study evaluated California's traffic violator school (TVS) citation dismissal policy.

Method

This study identified and compared two large samples of drivers either completing a TVS (N = 210,015) or convicted of a traffic citation (N = 168,563).

Results

Prior to adjudication, the TVS group had characteristics (e.g., lower prior conviction rate and smaller proportion of males) that were predictive of a lower subsequent crash risk. However, the TVS group exhibited significantly more crashes than did the convicted group in the subsequent one-year period. The difference (4.83%) increased to 10% after adjusting for the more favorable characteristics of the TVS group. The TVS group also had a higher adjusted subsequent crash rate at each prior driver record entry level, reflecting a loss in the general and specific deterrence of the non-conviction masked status of TVS dismissed citations. It was reported that the TVS dismissal policy results in approximately 12,300 additional crashes annually with economic costs of approximately $398,000,000.

Conclusions

The avoidance of licensing actions resulting from the dismissal policy assists in explaining why the driving public is exposed to an increased crash risk. A number of recommendations are offered to reduce the negative traffic safety impact of the TVS citation dismissal policy.     

浅谈高等职业教育

高职院校应以就业为导向,以为社会培养技术应用型人才为目标办好高等职业教育。要转变办学思想,树立为社会经济发展培养实用技术型人才的观念,深入社会调查,合理设置专业,变革现有课程、教材;培养“双师型”教师,提高高职院校的教学质量,突出实践能力的培养,以确保学生毕业后能够顺利走向工作岗位,提高学生就业率。     

土壤整体质量的生态毒性评价

土壤样品采自沈阳西部污灌区 .进行了污染物 (重金属和矿物油 )含量分析和生态毒性试验 .重金属采用原子吸收分光光度仪测定 ,矿物油采用紫外分光光度计测定 .生态毒性试验分别参照国际标准组织 (ISO)和OECD指南 ,进行了植物毒性试验、蚯蚓毒性试验和蚕豆根尖微核试验 .植物试验以小麦种子发芽根伸长抑制率为试验终点 ,试验周期50h ,蚯蚓毒性试验以蚯蚓死亡率、体重增长抑制率为试验终点 ,试验周期28d .土壤中矿物油含量在145mg/kg～1121mg/kg ,重金属Cd为0.34mg/kg～1.81mg/kg .土壤对植物和蚯蚓显示不同程度的毒性效应 ,土壤的蚕豆根尖微核率明显高于对照 .种子发芽根伸长抑制率为2.0%至-35.1% ,蚯蚓死亡率为0%～40%.体重增长抑制率由14d的-2.3%～-19.4%在28d增加到-2.1%～10.7% ,蚕豆根尖微核率最高达6.62/100.研究表明 ,土壤中的污染物积累较低 ,但具有明显的生态毒性 .     

Knowledge,agency and collective action as barriers to energy-saving behaviour

Energy saving is becoming a rising priority as a response to climate change and fossil fuel depletion in recent years. However, despite energy-related behaviour change being an important part of many environmental education initiatives, “energy literacy” among citizens remains patchy in both the USA and the UK, with evidence of strong positive attitudes but less consistent knowledge. Whilst it is clear that increasing knowledge does not automatically produce behaviour changes, potential questions must be asked about the logic of focusing solely on behaviour without simultaneously exploring and enhancing understanding of energy issues. This research, undertaken at a higher education institution with a strong focus on sustainability, illustrates the potential risks of targeting behaviour change and individual action at the expense of increasing knowledge, or encouraging collaborative and democratic endeavours. Results from an online survey indicate widespread misconceptions about energy which may reduce the effectiveness of energy-saving behaviours, alongside variable levels of motivation and engagement with energy issues. Respondents report a strong belief in the efficacy of personal changes, yet uncertainty about their capacity to influence business and government alongside a persistent faith in science to provide solutions to energy issues. The paper concludes by reflecting on the challenges arising from these findings for understanding agency and effectiveness in energy relationships.     

公共英语与职业英语教学衔接的调研分析

目前,高职高专院校在高职英语教育方面存在着一些突出的问题,学校教育与企业对学生英语水平的要求相差很远,教学的实效性不强,高职英语课程与其他课程脱节情况严重。以河北建材职业技术学院的省级示范专业——材料工程技术专业为例,通过用人单位的反馈信息,就当前高职英语教学及课程的开发等情况进行了分析和总结,以促进高职高专教育和高职英语教学工作。     

Rn concentration in public secondary schools in Galicia (Spain)

In the framework of a ²²²Rn screening campaign that was carried out in 58 public secondary schools in Galicia (NW Spain), the largest radon-prone area in the Iberian Peninsula, a positive correlation between indoor ²²²Rn concentration and outdoor gamma exposure rate was obtained. A new approach to the data acquisition in screening surveys was tested, improving the performances of this type of study and gathering useful data for future remedial actions. Using short-period detectors (charcoal canisters) firstly, in order to detect places showing ²²²Rn concentrations over 400 Bq m⁻³, the number of locations to be measured with long-period detectors (etched track detectors) is reduced. In this screening campaign, 34% of the schools surveyed presented at least one site exceeding the 400 Bq m⁻³ recommended action level established by the EU, and 15% had at least one site with ²²²Rn values over 800 Bq m⁻³. The maximum value recorded was 2084 ± 63 Bq m⁻³. These results are discussed and compared with data obtained in schools of several countries with similar geology. Seven schools were also studied for seasonal variations of ²²²Rn activity concentration. The results were not conclusive, and no significant correlation between season and ²²²Rn concentration was established. Finally, a continuous ²²²Rn concentration monitor was placed in the secondary school exhibiting a mean value of the ²²²Rn concentration very close to 400 Bq m⁻³. Maximum ²²²Rn concentration values were found to occur at times when the school was unoccupied.     

安全与应急管理专业学科发展

为使各高校能有效应对工程教育与应急管理的新一轮发展,在新工科建设与应急管理部成立背景下研究安全与应急管理专业学科的现状与发展趋势。阐述专业建设与学科建设的联系、区别和作用,在此基础上分析安全与应急管理专业学科发展现状、凝练专业建设核心4要素、完善安全学科体系、总结应急管理一级学科体系构建思路,分别提出基于“现在完成进行时”与“将来完成进行时”状态的安全、应急管理专业学科发展趋势。结果表明:安全专业发展趋势分行业安全与“大安全”2类,安全学科仍需完善学科体系和科学分支;应急管理的长远发展趋势是设立一级学科,从而推动应急管理专业高质量创新型发展。     

论河北省高职教育发展的现状与未来

近年来,河北省的高职教育已经取得了很大的成果,然而有些院校仍然存在盲目设置专业、“双师型”教师短缺、缺乏对毕业生指导等不足。展望未来,河北高职教育应集团化,与企业密切加强合作,加大对第三产业高职人才的培养工作,同时高职院校应对周边群众提供教育与技术支持等工作。     

从说课看高职高专院校学情

高职高专学生由于特定的生理和心理特点,在选修体育课程过程中出现随群现象,学习积极性不高。通过说课对高职高专院校的学情加以分析,以便科学地、有目地、有针对性地安排教学内容,增强学生的自信心,提高他们的心理素质和身体素质。     

基于遥感和GIS的华东区域洪涝灾害动态监测系统的研究和建立

以NOAA卫星资料为主要信息源,以地面高程、上地利用等地形地貌资料为辅助信息源,研制了华东区域多重因子空间分析模式,在GIS平台上建立洪涝灾害动态监测和分析系统,从而提高了洪涝灾害判识的准确性和客观性。