Perceived enjoyment,concentration, intention,and speed violation behavior: Using flow theory and theory of planned behavior

Objective: Road accidents are an important public health concern, and speeding is a major contributor. Although flow theory (FLT) is a valid model for understanding behavior, currently the nature of the roles and interplay of FLT constructs within the theory of planned behavior (TPB) framework when attempting to explain the determinants of motivations for intention to speed and speeding behavior of car drivers is not yet known. The study aims to synthesize TPB and FLT in explaining drivers of advanced vehicles intentions to speed and speed violation behaviors and evaluate factors that are critical for explaining intention and behavior.

Method: The hypothesized model was validated using a sample collected from 354 fully licensed drivers of advanced vehicles, involving 278 males and 76 females on 2 occasions separated by a 3-month interval. During the first of the 2 occasions, participants completed questionnaire measures of TPB and FLT variables. Three months later, participants' speed violation behaviors were assessed.

Results: The study observed a significant positive relationship between the constructs. The proposed model accounted for 51 and 45% of the variance in intention to speed and speed violation behavior, respectively. The independent predictors of intention were enjoyment, attitude, and subjective norm. The independent predictors of speed violation behavior were enjoyment, concentration, intention, and perceived behavioral control.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that safety interventions for preventing speed violation behaviors should be aimed at underlying beliefs influencing the speeding behaviors of drivers of advanced vehicles. Furthermore, perceived enjoyment is of equal importance to driver's intention, influencing speed violation behavior.     

现应用的染整助剂环境毒理概述

文章阐述了染整助剂的环境行为、环境毒理和对生物体的毒性。阐述了开发无毒害和可降解的染整助剂的重要性。     

呼和浩特城市人居环境建设质量初步评价

呼和浩特因其特殊的自然环境和相对落后的社会经济条件,致使人居环境建设相对滞后。本文在室内大量查阅资料和问卷调查的基础上,结合呼和浩特城市人居环境的实际情况,构建了呼和浩特城市人居环境评价指标体系,并采用层次分析的评价方法,对呼和浩特城市人居环境建设质量进行了初步评价,以期为环保、城建、城管等政府相关职能部门和房地产开发商的决策提供科学的理论依据。     

昆山市人居环境质量综合评价研究

从城市人居环境系统构成的角度,并根据昆山市社会经济环境特点,建立了一套评价昆山市人居环境质量的指标体系。根据昆山市2002年-2007年统计年鉴的数据资料,进一步从居住条件和资源配置、生态环境、基础设施和公共服务、城市发展水平四个方面对昆山市人居环境质量进行了较为详细的评价,并将人居环境质量改善与GDP增长进行比较。结果表明,2002年以来昆山市人居环境质量有较大的改善,但仍滞后与经济的发展速度。     

应急避难场地“就近布置”规划原则探讨

通过对避难行为、避难需求的相关调查,对现有"就近布置"避难场地的规划原则进行了深入分析和研究,对"近"提出了"时间距离近"和"空间距离近"的两重涵义;在此基础上认为不同类型应急避难场地在布局上对"近"的要求应区别对待;该原则可进一步表述为"服务半径基础之上与人口密度、通达路径相对应,就近布置"。     

应用HSE观察促进管理改进

介绍了中国石化HSE观察的应用背景与目的,重点探讨了对HSE观察问题的处理与分析,及其对管理的促进。     

Combined fluorescence and electrochemical investigation on the binding interaction between organic acid and human serum albumin

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a plasma protein responsible for the binding and transport of fatty acids and a variety of exogenous chemicals such as drugs and environmental pollutants. Such binding plays a crucial role in determining the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and bioavailability of the pollutants. We report investigation on the binding interaction between HSA and acetic acid (C2), octanoic acid (C8) and dodecanoic acid (C12) by the combination of site-specific fluorescent probe, tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence and tyrosine electrochemistry. Two fluorescent probes, dansylamide and dansyl-L-proline, were employed in the displacement measurement to study fatty acid interaction with the two drug-binding sites on HSA. Intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan in HSA was monitored upon addition of the fatty acids into HSA. Electrocatalyzed response of the tyrosine residues in HSA by a redox mediator was used to investigate the binding interaction. Qualitatively, observations made by the three approaches are very similar. HSA did not show any change in either fluorescence or electrochemistry after mixing with C2, suggesting there is no significant interaction with the short-chain fatty acid. For C8, the measured signal dropped in a single-exponential fashion, indicative of independent and non-cooperative binding. The calculated association constant and binding ratio is 3.1×106 L/mol and 1 with drug binding Site I, 1.1×107 L/mol and 1 with Site II, and 7.0×104 L/mol and 4 with the tryptophan site. The measurement with C12 displayed multiple phases of fluorescence change, suggesting cooperativity and allosteric effect of C12 binding. These results correlate well with those obtained by the established methods, and validate the new approach as a viable tool to study the interactions of environmental pollutants with biological molecules.     

陕北竞技体育人力资源现状与开发对策研究

采用文献资料法,问卷调查法,统计法,从"省运会"、"全运会"、"国际大赛"3个层面,对陕北竞技体育的实力现状进行分析;从数量和质量两个角度探讨陕北竞技体育人力资源的乐观面与存在的问题,提出开发人力资源的对策.     

近50a来三亚鹿回头石珊瑚物种多样性的演变特征及其环境意义

2005～2006年三亚鹿回头珊瑚礁现状调查共记录石珊瑚13科24属69种,礁坪以滨珊瑚占绝对优势(重要值百分比>50%),礁坡以鹿角珊瑚最占优势(28.33%).Pielou、Simpson和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数值均高于礁坪.对比历史资料发现近50 a来该岸段珊瑚礁呈衰退趋势:七世纪五六十年代该岸段珊瑚种类繁多、群落垂直分带,生物多样性较高;20世纪七八十年代礁坪已不见成片的活珊瑚,礁坡繁茂程度降低;20世纪90年代珊瑚种类虽仍比较丰富,但总体多样性下降;本次研究显示澄黄滨珊瑚已成为礁坪优势种,鹿角珊瑚在礁坡的优势度降低,物种多样性继续缩减.过度捕捞、大规模挖礁、海上和沿岸养殖等人类活动是造成该岸段珊瑚礁现有衰退的主要原凶,三亚河和近海上程建设带来的泥沙和污染物以及正向鹿回头扩展的潜水旅游可能是影响其发展的潜在威胁.     

Fatal hit-and-run crashes: Factors associated with leaving the scene

Introduction: Hit-and-run crashes are a criminal offense that leave the victim without prompt medical care or the ability to receive financial compensation. Method: The purpose of the current study was to quantify the factors associated with the probability that a driver leaves the scene of a fatal crash, using multiple imputation to incorporate information from drivers who were never apprehended and thus whose characteristics were unknown. Results: The results of this study show that in addition to driver, vehicle, and environmental factors having significant impacts on the likelihood of a driver fleeing the scene, economic and demographic factors are important as well. Practical Applications: This analysis allows for a more holistic understanding of hit-and-run crashes and informs potential countermeasures and future research.