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591.
人力资本是生产要素中最活跃和最特殊的要素,它的激励与约束问题极为精巧、复杂.本文通过对人力资本激励与约束问题的考察,结合我国体制内企业运营的实践,初步探讨了人力资本激励与约束的机制. 相似文献
592.
自1800s以来,经过2个世纪的发展,针对水体突发污染事件的在线生物监测技术越来越完善,其所采用的分析指标主要包括生物行为变化(1900s至目前)、生物新陈代谢变化(1800s至目前)和生物电变化(1980s至目前)等3种,其中,应用最广泛、发展最完善的为基于生物行为指标的在线生物监测技术。进入21世纪以来,在线生物监测技术得到快速发展和普遍应用。中国、美国、德国、韩国和瑞典等国家已经大规模应用基于不同生物指标的在线生物监测技术,以实现对水体突发污染事件的有效监管。随着计算和分析技术的进一步发展,在线生物监测技术也会越来越完善,在维持社会稳定、保证经济可持续发展以及保障人民饮水安全方面将会发挥越来越重要的作用。 相似文献
593.
采用比较研究法,分析了甘肃兴隆山麝场圈养马麝(Moschus sifanicus)的非交配季节(8—10月)行为特征的性别间差异,并探讨了行为模式的变化格局.结果表明,由于雌麝在非交配季节正处于哺乳期,育幼投资相对增加,警戒性增强,其静卧、摄食和反刍等行为的终止阈值下降;和雄麝相比,雌麝的站立凝视、静卧、摄食和反刍等行为的发生频次相对较多.育幼直接导致雌麝相互间的冲突行为频次增多,母幼间的行为联系使其亲和行为的表达频次多于雄麝.圈养马麝在非交配季节的月行为节律变化还存在性别差异,在8—9月间,雌麝表达的静卧和反刍行为的频次渐少,而由于雄麝8月后正处于泌香后期(成体)或泌香期(亚成体),因此其运动频次较少,卧息较多,摄食持续时间减少.随繁殖季节的临近,雄麝从8月到10月间的运动、尾阴探究、冲突行为、环境探究等动态行为的表达逐渐增加.图1表2参22 相似文献
594.
Cd和Cu在草甸棕壤-植物系统中行为特性的研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
在沈阳生态站开展了重金属迁移积累行为特性的试验研究,探讨了不同重金属元素在土壤及作物体内迁移积累变化规律。外源重金属元素Cd、Cu施入土壤后,无论是低剂量还足高剂量处理,水田土壤Cd元素已迁移到45cm的深度,而Cu元素迁移到30cm的深度。早田土壤低剂量和高剂量处理Cd迁移到30cm,而Cu元素只有高剂量处理迁移到30cm的深度。土壤Cd、Cu元素向下层迁移的量微乎其微,重金属元素大多滞留在土壤表层。水稻、玉米吸收的Cd大部分积累在作物体的根和茎叶中,而Cu大部分积累在作物体的根系中,Cd、Cu籽实吸收量占植物体总吸收量的1.16%~3%。水稻、玉米地上部吸收Cd的量〉地卜部吸收Cu的量,在作物体中Cd的迁移能力强于Cu的迁移能力。 相似文献
595.
Susan W. Margulis 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1997,41(3):177-184
This study investigated variation in parental behavior in oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus). Specifically, I examined the possibility that parental behavior and probability of litter loss may differ depending on
whether parents are related to one another and, therefore, whether offspring are inbred. When parents are related, they share
more genes with their offspring and so may be predicted to invest more in inbred offspring if these offspring do not inherently
have a greater risk of juvenile mortality. Survival of inbred pups did not differ from survival of outbred pups, and females
tended to exhibit a preference, in the form of enhanced parental care, for inbred litters. Males did not display any consistent
preferences. Inbred litters were left unattended more often during the immediate post-partum period than were outbred litters,
but this inconsistent finding appeared to have a smaller effect than the overall improved maternal care provided to inbred
litters. Females thus appeared to modulate their behavior to a greater degree than did males depending on characteristics
of the litter. Patterns of litter loss indicated that complete death of litters was independent of litter inbreeding, whereas
loss of selected pups in a litter occurred significantly more often when litters were inbred. Complete and partial loss of
litters may be functionally different behaviors that are triggered by different cues.
Received: 20 September 1996 / Accepted after revision: 28 April 1997 相似文献
596.
David F. Westneat Anne B. Clark Katherine C. Rambo D. F. Westneat 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1995,37(5):349-356
We video-taped male and female red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) feeding individual chicks in order to test the hypothesis that food might be differently allocated to within-pair offspring and extra-pair young. We found no evidence that paternity influenced the allocation of food by either males or females. Both males and females fed male offspring significantly more, but there was no tendency for paternity to be skewed by gender. Females fed older offspring significantly more, whereas males did not; extra-pair fertilizations, however, were not associated with lay or hatch order of the chicks. Given that males do not appear to discriminate within-pair from extra-pair offspring directly, these results are consistent with current theory on the effect of paternity on paternal behavior. We discuss briefly some of the possible reasons why discrimination might be lacking in red-winged blackbirds and in other species in which the possibility of discrimination of paternity and allocation of paternal behavior has been studied. 相似文献
597.
应用同位素示踪技术,研究了模拟水生生态系统中三氯苯、邻苯二甲酸正丁酯,2,4,6-三氯酚-^14C的分布、迁移、转化行为。实验周期后,水中污染物浓度分别降低了89%,80%,95%以上,三氯苯在底泥和浮游生物中有积累。测定了标记物在水、悬浮物、^14CO2吸收溶液,XAD-2树脂上的放射性强度。假设水中标记物的降解遵循一级速率过程,24d后,水中2,4,6-三氯酚-^14C浓度已降为原来浓度的5% 相似文献
598.
Strike-induced chemosensory searching by a teiid lizard,the golden tegu (Tupinambis nigropunctatus) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William E. Cooper Jr. 《Chemoecology》1993,4(2):79-85
Summary Strike-induced chemosensory searching (SICS) is experimentally demonstrated in a teiid lizard,Tupinambis nigropunctatus. SICS consists of a concurrent post-strike elevation in tongue-flick rate (PETF) and searching movements after voluntary release or escape of bitten prey or removal of prey from the predator's mouth. The results are consistent with previous data showing that PETF and/or SICS occur in all families of scleroglossan lizards and snakes and all families of actively foraging lizards yet studied. The relatively short duration of SICS (2 min) in a lizard having lingual and vomeronasal structure highly specialized for chemosensory sampling and analysis suggests that phylogenetic and ecological factors may be more important than morphology in determining the duration. The greatest known durations occur only in the presumably monophyletic clade containing varanoid lizards and snakes, all of which have highly developed chemical sampling and chemoreceptor apparatus, but in addition feed on prey that has a high probability of being relocated by prolonged scent-trailing. Because only active foragers move through the habitat while tongue-flicking and exhibit lingually mediated prey chemical discrimination, only active foragers may be expected to use SICS. SICS would appear to be useless to an ambush forager and might disrupt its defensive crypticity, rendering it more detectable to predators and prey. Therefore, it may be predicted that SICS is adaptively adjusted to foraging mode. 相似文献
599.
600.