煤矿天然制冰降温技术的可行性分析

借鉴国内外天然制冰的相关资料,提出了用于矿井降温制冷的天然制冰降温技术.通过建立冰池喷淋制冰和蓄冰模型,从理论上分析了天然制冰技术的可行性.通过对制冰费用与矿井当前降温费用的比较,突出了该技术研究的经济效益.同时,对该技术存在的相关问题进行了分析,对研究前景进行了展望.     

基于混合生命周期评价的不同坝型温室气体排放对比分析

为了研究不同坝型对环境造成的影响,采用混合生命周期评价方法定量分析并比较同规模的重力坝和堆石坝水电枢纽布置在全生命周期内的温室气体排放.研究基于糯扎渡工程实例,生命周期考虑材料设备生产阶段、运输阶段、施工阶段和运行维护阶段.结果表明:重力坝方案和堆石坝方案生命周期温室气体排放量分别为1145.49×104和815.85×104t(以CO2当量计),重力坝比堆石坝多排放40.4%.其中,重力坝在生产、运输和运行阶段的碳足迹比堆石坝大,但堆石坝在施工阶段的碳足迹比重力坝大.运行阶段的温室气体排放量占全生命周期碳足迹的比例最大,其次是材料设备生产阶段、施工阶段和运输阶段.糯扎渡水电工程的碳排放因子明显低于火电碳排放因子,合理开展水电建设,是实现我国"十二五"规划碳减排目标的有效途径.     

基于受体和化学传输的综合模型解析重庆PM2.5来源

为进一步提高PM_2.5污染源解析的准确性,研究提出一种基于受体和化学传输的综合源解析模型（CTM-RM）,并以重庆冬季一次典型PM_2.5污染过程为例（2019年1月21～27日）开展模型评估与应用.结果表明,观测期间基于CTM-RM获得的模拟误差平方值较CAMx/PSAT低84.58%,PM_2.5及其化学组分浓度的模拟相对误差值较CAMx/PSAT下降15.69%～92.86%;此外,CTM-RM还可以获取重庆市PM_2.5污染源贡献的时空分布特征.观测期间,主城区PM_2.5农业源、工业源、电力源、民用源、交通源和其他源的调整因子R值分别为1.39±0.38、 1.54±0.48、 1.01±0.13、 1.02±0.58、 0.86±0.59和0.58±0.67,各污染源R值的累积分布函数差异明显.民用源和工业源是主城区PM_2.5的主要污染源（46.23%和28.23%）.与其他源不同,污染日交通源贡献率（8.62%）同比清洁日显著上升（P<0.00...     

施工过程安全数字孪生模型的构建和应用*

为解决施工过程安全信息的虚实交互难题,降低施工过程安全风险,提出施工过程安全数字孪生模型。建立施工过程安全语义本体,分析施工过程安全关键知识要素;定义施工过程安全数字孪生五维模型,明确模型的构成和功能,基于物联网和有限状态机构建施工过程安全监控方法,并以塔吊顶升活动安全监控为例进行应用。研究结果表明:该模型能够实现塔吊顶升施工过程安全的数字化表达、参数化监测和自动化控制。     

基于改进型萤火虫群优化算法泄漏源源强及位置反算研究*

针对标准萤火虫群优化算法（GSO）在危化品泄漏源源强及位置反算中存在精度不高,容易陷入局部最优等局限,提出混合萤火虫-Nelder Mead单纯形算法（GSO-NM）,并与基于步长的改进萤火虫群优化算法（MGSO）以及单纯形搜索混合协同进化萤火虫群优化算法（HCGSOSSM）进行比较分析,将3种改进型萤火虫群优化算法应用于泄漏源源强及位置反算中进行比较分析。研究结果表明:GSO-NM算法可以有效提高定位精度和稳定性,能较为精确地反算出泄漏源源强及位置,为泄漏源源强及位置反算研究提供1种新思路。     

A ventilation cooling shirt worn during office work in a hot climate: cool or not?

The aim of the study was to identify whether a ventilation cooling shirt was effective in reducing heat strain in a hot climate. Eight female volunteers were exposed to heat (38?°C, 45% relative humidity) for 2?h with simulated office work. In the first hour they were in normal summer clothes (total thermal insulation 0.8?clo); in the second hour a ventilation cooling shirt was worn on top. After the shirt was introduced for 1?h, the skin temperatures at the scapula and the chest were significantly reduced (p?<?0.05). The mean skin and core temperatures were not reduced. The subjects felt cooler and more comfortable by wearing the shirt, but the cooling effect was most conspicuous only during the initial 10?min. The cooling efficiency of the ventilation shirt was not very effective under the low physical activity in this hot climate.     

新型循环水处理系统的设计及应用

简介了软包装印刷工业复合生产过程中产生的VOCs污染物,探讨了现有ACF咐附回收有机溶剂设备存在的技术问题;结合软包装复合生产工艺特点,提出一种闭式循环的改良工艺,以解决能量浪费问题。     

Evaporative Cooling of Water in a Small Vessel Under Varying Ambient Humidity

Evaporative cooling of water in a small porous clay vessel was studied under controlled humidity conditions. In steady-state experiments performed at an ambient temperature of 23 °C, the cooling effect increased from 4.7 to 8.3 °C as the ambient relative humidity decreased from 60 to 15%. External heat and mass transfer coefficients, estimated from the steady-state measurements, were used in mathematical models to predict the experimentally observed transient temperature variation of the water under ramp changes of the ambient relative humidity. With a prototypical cool chamber containing water tested in Kolkata, India under an ambient temperature of 34.5–35 °C, the cooling effect reached a maximum of 7 °C between 3 and 3:30 PM and then declined to 4.5 °C around 6 PM.     

Performance analysis of a new sustainable evaporative cooling pad made from coconut coir

This paper reports a performance analysis for a new sustainable engineering application to beneficially reuse an abundant agricultural waste, coconut coir (Cocos nucifera), in evaporative cooling pads. Two small coconut coir pads of different configurations were fabricated and tested using a laboratory‐scale experimental arrangement. The air supply velocity was controlled and varied between 1.88 and 2.79 m s^?1. Heat and mass transfer coefficients, evaporative cooling efficiency and pressure drop across the two types of coconut coir pad were analysed and compared with those of a commercial rigid media paper pad. Results show that the cooling efficiency of the manufactured coconut coir evaporative cooling pad was fairly good (about 50%) and close to that of the commercial paper pad (about 47%). The average pressure drop across the two coconut coir pads was 1.5 and 5.1 Pa respectively. Correlations for heat and mass transfer coefficients expressed using Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also reported. In addition, the cooling potential of the coconut coir pads was analysed using the average climatic conditions of the central region in Thailand throughout the year. The analysis showed that the air temperature leaving the coconut coir pad varied from 23 to 28°C. Commercial development appears feasible given the coconut coir pad's good performance, lower cost and its availability throughout the country.     

Simulation planning of power supply capacity: an approach to optimal industrial microgrid operation with carbon emission permits

ABSTRACT

Microgrids integrated with distributed generation provide energy intensive enterprises (EIEs) with a solution to cut down their total system costs. However, unreasonable capacity allocation of power supply in industrial microgrid may result in capacity shortage or excess, thus leading to uneconomical solutions. Considering carbon emission permits and renewable energy access on demand side, this paper analyses and evaluates the long-term impacts of power supply capacity on economic benefits and carbon emission. The power suppliers consist of industrial self-generation, wind power generation and power grid. A HOMER software based industrial microgrid model is designed, and time series simulation of the model for a cycle of 10 years is performed to provide numerical analysis. The simulation results with sensitivity analysis show that optimal capacity planning of power supply can lead to considerable economical and ecological benefits under carbon emission permits; besides, it can also be conducive to peak load shedding for power grid.