Analysis of institutional adaptation: integration of biodiversity conservation into forestry

Integrating biodiversity conservation into forest management requires changes in the practices of those public and private actors that have implementing responsibilities and whose strategic and operational opportunities are at stake. Understanding this kind of context-dependent institutional adaptation entails bridging between two analytical approaches: policy implementation and organizational adaptation. This article combines these two approaches by reviewing them, and their caveats, and by summarizing empirical analyses of organizational competences, specialization, professional judgment, and organizational networks in the organizational field of non-industrial private forestry in Finland. Drawing on these theoretical and empirical analyses, the article discloses the broad phenomenon of institutional adaptation in the integration of biodiversity conservation and forest management. The empirical analyses point to the dominance of hierarchical policy implementation over strategic organizational adaptation. Together with the detected isomorphism of professional norms and networks, these contribute to meeting minimum standards but can constrain the ways in which the organizations and professionals respond to the challenge of biodiversity conservation. The detected inertia signals lack of alertness. It is perhaps also an indication of self-sufficiency among the actors. The interpretation of these responses to challenges and responsibilities across the public and private sector boundaries demonstrates the necessity of combining the two traditionally segregated approaches.     

清洁生产审核中无/低费方案的产生及实施

清洁生产审核是实施清洁生产最有效的,也是最具可操作性的方法。在清洁生产审核预评估和评估阶段提出可行的无/低费方案,并按照"边审核边实施"的原则对所提的无/低费方案加以实施,能够使企业在短时间内达到"节能、降耗、减污、增效"的目的。以某化肥企业为例,找出企业存在的问题,评估企业的产排污情况,有针对性地提出了无/低费方案,并得以实施,为企业创造了一定的经济效益和环境效益。     

An overview of the environmental finance policies in China: retrofitting an integrated mechanism for environmental management

Considering the significant roles of the policies in developing environmental finance, an overview is conducted on the environmental finance policies （EFPs） in China. This paper analyzed the definition, scope, evolution and main instruments of EFPs. The implementation progress of financial activities on each instrument are investigated respectively. Then the experiences learned from and failures discovered in the development of the EFPs are discussed well recommendations for further improvement of the EFPs and their implementation are provided. Our study found that the EFPs have been established in China after a four-phase evolution since the early 1980s. The policies have played a critical role in leading to a rapid development in environmental finance by involving more financial instruments to accomplish the objective-led environmental plans. Driven by the policies, the new green credit （GC）, green security （GS）, and green insurance （GI） instruments have been phased in as supplements to the conventional command and control approaches to improve the environmental governance of financial activities and pollution sources. However, the market mechanism of financial institution is limited due to their defensive and incapable performance on implementation some of EFP instruments. To further strengthen the effectiveness of EFPs in facilitating environmental man- agement, recommendations are made mainly on the aspects including developing more specific policy guidelines, enhancing information sharing and disclosure, providing sufficient economic incentives, establishing environmental liabilities with financial activities, and involving issues related to climate change, and biodiversity and ecosystem service.     

我国钢铁行业二恶英污染防治技术研究

钢铁行业(烧结和电炉炼钢)是我国二恶英减排优先重点控制的行业之一。简要介绍了二恶英的理化性质、危害性、生成机理及必备条件,结合烧结过程和电炉炼钢过程二恶英的产生成因,从工艺过程污染预防技术和污染治理技术两方面探讨二恶英减排途径。     

区域环境健康问题调查的实施机制

环境健康调查实施机制的合理性直接决定了大型区域环境健康调查的执行效率和最终结果.鉴于区域环境健康问题调查涉及内容多学科、执行流程多环节、实施过程有交叉的复杂特点,围绕环境健康传导链特征解析的调查实质,就如何高效组织区域环境健康调查的参与人员和技术力量等实施机制问题进行了探索.在总结我国大型环境健康调查工作实施经验的基础上,提出所有环境健康问题调查人员分属作用分明的“四大功能”角色定位,以及区域环境健康问题调查的“九步运行”技术流程等相关论断.相关研究结果直接支持了若干大型环境与健康调查工作,为进一步丰富区域环境健康问题调查理论提供了借鉴.     

循环经济是可持续发展战略的必然选择和实现方式

人类在解决资源、环境与发展、生态与保护的关系问题中,循环经济成为可持续发展战略的实现方式具有客观必然性。深入、系统地梳理历史选择进程与理论创新成果,有助于对我国的循环经济实践提供强有力的理论支持。     

企业安全生产主体责任制度实施方法

落实企业安全生产主体责任制度是保障安全生产的重要手段。在调研分析我国安全生产主体责任制度实施现状的基础上,创建了一种基于PDCA循环模式的企业安全生产主体责任制度实施方法。从建立良好责任制度、制度实施、实施效果检查、改进等四个主要环节,层层接替、层层分解,不断落实企业安全生产主体责任,不断提高企业安全生产管理水平,建立企业安全生产主体责任实施的内部环境和外部环境,能够为企业和政府落实企业安全生产主体责任制度提供参考。     

企业环保信用评价政策实施研究

2013年《企业环境信用评价办法(试行)》印发后,各地在健全环保信用评价制度上做了不少探索,一些专家、学者也对企业环保信用评价制度做了一些研究,但针对全国实施情况和地区实施差异性的总体研究和深度总结较少。本文在系统搜集我国31个省、自治区、直辖市所发布的企业环保信用评价政策文件的基础上,从评价范围、评价方法和评价结果等方面对结合地方特点制订的21份文件进行剖析,并对政策实施效果及执行中存在的问题进行总结归纳,最后提出加快立法进度、完善政策体系和强化结果应用等对策建议。     

Contrasting the core beliefs regarding the effective implementation of wind power. An international study of stakeholder perspectives

This paper analyses patterns in beliefs about the implementation of wind power as part of a geographical comparison of onshore wind power developments in the Netherlands, North-Rhine Westphalia and England. Q methodology is applied, in order to systematically compare the patterns in stakeholder views on the institutional conditions and changes in the domains of energy policy, spatial planning and environmental policy. Three factors represent support for wind power implementation from fundamentally different perspectives. The fourth perspective is critical opposed to wind power developments as well as critical to the manner in which wind projects are proposed, planned and implemented. These four perspectives exist across the geographical cases; however, some perspectives are prominent in one case and marginal in another. This relates to different legacies and varying implementation achievements in the three cases. The analysis shows that an approach that focuses on implementing as much wind power as possible, relying on technocratic reasoning and hierarchical policies is in practice the least successful, whereas collaborative perspectives with more emphasis on local issues and less on the interests of the conventional energy sector were particularly dominant in the most successful case, North-Rhine Westphalia.     

江苏省海洋功能区划实施评价指标体系与方法

综合评价现行江苏省海洋功能区划实施基本情况,能够全面检测区划实施和管理中的成效与不足,进一步提高新一轮区划编制的实效性和科学性,从而增强新一轮区划对沿海地区经济社会发展的调控作用。基于海洋功能区划的特殊性和对数模型效用函数综合评价法的可行性,从区划的执行情况、协调情况、实施效益和实施影响等4个方面,设计了16个具有代表性的指标用于定量评价江苏省海洋功能区划实施基本情况。结果表明,对数模型效用函数综合评价法简便、操作性强,可信度高,评价的结果与现实情况吻合度高。现行江苏省海洋功能区划的实施情况总体良好,区划得到了有效的执行,与全国海洋功能区划和全省海洋经济发展规划协调度高,产生了显著的经济、社会与生态效益