烟气条件对直流电晕自由基簇射NO氧化过程的影响

运用以湿空气为自由基源物质的直流电晕自由基簇射系统,研究了烟气在反应器内的滞留时间、烟气流速和NO浓度对NO氧化过程的影响.结果表明:烟气流速的增加会抑制电晕放电的发展,而烟气中NO浓度的增加则使放电变得更加容易.NO的氧化受烟气在反应器内滞留时间的影响较小,而它受烟气流速的影响较大.在2W的输入功率下,当烟气在反应器内的滞留时间从8.5s增加到34.2s时,NO的氧化率只从54.5 %提高到57.6 %.而在1.7W·h/m³的能量密度下,当烟气流速从1.4cm/s增加到6.3cm/s时,NO的氧化率从60.0%减少到38.6%,能量利用率也从20.8g/(kW·h)下降到了13.3g/(kW·h).在湿空气流量一定的情况下,NO初始浓度存在一个最佳值,本实验中最佳的NO浓度为100×10^-6左右.     

一种处理爆炸多能法的新方法

以多能法中距离－超压关系图为例,介绍了一种运用前馈多层感知器网络对现行多能法中查图步骤进行改进的方法。此法从很大程度上解决了多能法在爆炸灾害评估中手工查图误差大且不方便的缺点。模拟结果表明,该处理方法能够很好的逼近多能法中的超压函数P＝f(R0,C),最后提出了人工神经网络方法在爆炸破坏效应评估中进一步应用的设想。     

矿井胶带蔓延火灾的细水雾抑制影响因素研究

针对运输巷胶带蔓延火灾及火灾期间高温毒害烟气严重威胁下风侧人员和救援工作等问题,借助FDS软件构建运输巷胶带蔓延火灾模型,并基于水雾冷却降温和稀释阻挡火灾烟气扩散原理,研究胶带蔓延火灾烟气中的水雾阻烟抑制性能影响因素.结果表明:水雾对运输巷的胶带蔓延火灾具有冷却和熄灭作用,可减缓或者抑制蔓延火灾的进一步发展,对水雾下风...     

四氮唑废水处理工艺设计

高浓度、高盐分的四氮唑生产废水通过三效蒸发浓缩,馏出液经铁炭氧微电解和混凝预处理,再采用水解酸化一接触氧化一反应二沉主体组合工艺进行处理。研究了该工艺所需构筑物和设备的设计与选型。该工艺在正常运行条件下,处理后出水pH6～9,COD 302mg／L,BOD5 108mg／L,SS30mg／L,色度36倍,水质达到GB8978--1996（污水综合排放标准》三级标准。     

Crowding and Experience-Use History: A Study of the Moderating Effect of Place Attachment Among Water-Based Recreationists

Effective recreation resource management relies on understanding visitor perceptions and behaviors. Given current and increasing pressures on water resources, understanding crowding evaluations seems important. Beyond crowding, however, variables that possibly relate to or influence crowding are of interest and in particular, place attachment and experience-use history (EUH). As EUH is related to place attachment and likely affects crowding, this study explored the moderating effect of place attachment dimensions on the relationships between EUH and visitor crowding evaluations. Water based recreationists at a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers site were contacted onsite and asked questions related to experience-use history, crowding evaluations, place attachment, and activity participation. Anglers and campers at the site identified similar crowding perceptions and place attachments. Only one of eight models tested revealed a moderating effect. Specifically, place identity moderated the relationship between the total times visited in the past twelve months and expected crowding among anglers. As such, the quest continues to understand the relationship among these important variables.     

黄孢原毛平革菌处理染料废水过程中细胞结构损伤效应研究

利用透射电子显微镜观察分析白腐真菌(黄孢原毛平革菌)在处理染料废水活性艳红X-3B过程中,染料和盐度对黄孢原毛平革菌的细胞结构产生的毒性作用.结果表明:活性艳红X-3B染料对黄孢原毛平革菌产生生物毒性作用,且随着染料浓度的增加,细胞受损伤程度不断加深.加入100 mg/L的染料活性艳红X-3B后,黄孢原毛平革菌菌丝细胞形态发生变化,出现质壁分离现象;染料浓度进一步加大,菌丝细胞超微结构受到损伤逐渐严重.染料废水中的盐度对黄孢原毛平革菌细胞也会造成损伤,且损伤程度随盐度增大而增大.NaCl浓度为3 g/L时,菌丝细胞发生质壁分离;而当NaCl加入量高于8 g/L时,细胞膜受损,线粒体、细胞核呈现空泡化,表现为受到不可逆的损伤.染料和盐双因子对黄孢原毛平革菌细胞的损伤效应表现为其损伤程度与单因子作用一致,且染料的影响作用占主导.     

Spatial & temporal variations of PM10 and particle number concentrations in urban air

The size of particles in urban air varies over four orders of magnitude (from 0.001 μm to 10 μm in diameter). In many cities only particle mass concentrations (PM10, i.e. particles <10 μm diameter) is measured. In this paper we analyze how differences in emissions, background concentrations and meteorology affect the temporal and spatial distribution of PM10 and total particle number concentrations (PNC) based on measurements and dispersion modeling in Stockholm, Sweden. PNC at densely trafficked kerbside locations are dominated by ultrafine particles (<0.1 μm diameter) due to vehicle exhaust emissions as verified by high correlation with NOx. But PNC contribute only marginally to PM10, due to the small size of exhaust particles. Instead wear of the road surface is an important factor for the highest PM10 concentrations observed. In Stockholm, road wear increases drastically due to the use of studded tires and traction sand on streets during winter; up to 90% of the locally emitted PM10 may be due to road abrasion. PM10 emissions and concentrations, but not PNC, at kerbside are controlled by road moisture. Annual mean urban background PM10 levels are relatively uniformly distributed over the city, due to the importance of long range transport. For PNC local sources often dominate the concentrations resulting in large temporal and spatial gradients in the concentrations. Despite these differences in the origin of PM10 and PNC, the spatial gradients of annual mean concentrations due to local sources are of equal magnitude due to the common source, namely traffic. Thus, people in different areas experiencing a factor of 2 different annual PM10 exposure due to local sources will also experience a factor of 2 different exposure in terms of PNC. This implies that health impact studies based solely on spatial differences in annual exposure to PM10 may not separate differences in health effects due to ultrafine and coarse particles. On the other hand, health effect assessments based on time series exposure analysis of PM10 and PNC, should be able to observe differences in health effects of ultrafine particles versus coarse particles.     

国家实施污染预防的政策建议

文章对我国污染预防现状进行了评估,并对如何进一步实施污染预提出初步建议,形成污染预防框架行动计划,试图人们从行为和观念转向污染预防提供方向。框架行计划着重从政策和法律,组织和人力资源,研究和开发,污染预防活动和实践到评估、推广等方面进行了建议。     

电磁环境对采后芒果的生理影响

系统研究了采后芒果在静电场,磁场,放电生成气环境下的生理变化。测试了呼吸速率,果体与果皮电解质渗出率,商品果率与病情指数等生理指标。研究结果表明,采后芒果在呼吸速率达到高峰之前电磁环境对其均有明显的作用,而在呼吸高峰之后,无明显影响。在我们设置的电磁环境参数中有几项显示保鲜作用。表１参６     

蔬菜作物施用耐氨固氮菌的增产效果

研究在小区试验条件下,施用耐氨固氮型的催娩克氏菌和阴沟肠杆菌混合菌剂对蔬菜生长和产量的影响。结果表明,施用耐氨固氮菌可促进蔬菜生长,提高产量并改善品质,供试蔬菜的平均增产率达20％,增产效果明显。