不同处理方法对硅灰稳固化垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属的影响

向飞灰中添加硅灰与一定比例的去离子水,混合均匀后分别进行自然养护、蒸汽养护和中温热处理.研究了自然养护和蒸汽养护条件下硅灰不同添加量对垃圾焚烧飞灰浸出毒性的影响,考察了蒸汽养护样与中温热处理样的重金属化学形态分布、晶体结构和微观形貌变化.结果表明：自然养护和蒸汽养护条件下,随着硅灰添加量由0%升至10%,飞灰中Pb、Cd、Cr和Cu的浸出浓度均随之降低.硅灰添加量为10%时,硅灰蒸汽养护样中Pb、Cd、Cr和Cu的浸出浓度略低于硅灰自然养护样,金属化学形态分布相比原灰变化较小;硅灰中温热处理对飞灰中Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn处理最为彻底,4种金属残渣态占比相比原灰分别从原灰的37.12%、11.82%、44.30%和51.94%升高至84.75%、75.49%、77.20%和67.40%,酸溶态分别由原灰的3.99%、54.92%、6.56%和10.49%降低至0.44%、9.37%、2.72%和3.59%.     

污泥焚烧细颗粒物中重金属赋存形态的研究

以沈阳市某污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,采用小型流化床对污泥进行焚烧,利用布袋和荷电低压颗粒物撞击器（ELPI+）对细颗粒物进行收集,研究焚烧温度、污泥粒径、CaO的添加量对重金属赋存特性和细颗粒物微观形貌的影响,利用热力学软件FactSage7.2研究焚烧过程中重金属化学形态的变化.结果表明,随着焚烧温度的升高,残渣态变化最为明显,Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn 5种重金属的残渣态增幅均在15%以上,其中重金属Cd的变化最为明显,残渣态增幅高达29%.随着污泥粒径的增大,矿物质和焦炭颗粒的破碎程度减小,最终以矿物质和焦炭破碎为来源的一些粒径较大的细颗粒物数量增加.此外,总体上重金属的赋存形态随着粒径的增加向着稳定的趋势发展.在焚烧过程中CaO是可以作为颗粒之间良好的粘合剂,促进细颗粒物之间的成长和团聚.随着CaO的添加,细颗粒物聚并成了一个更大的球状颗粒整体.     

生活垃圾焚烧中重金属行为的研究进展

垃圾中的金属以氧化物、氮化物、碳化物及其它形态转移到焚烧产物如烟气、飞灰和底灰中，需严格控制焚烧过程中重金属的排放，故清楚了解金属在焚烧中的行为是很必要的。经研究发现，飞灰中重金属含量远远大于底灰中的含量，因此以垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定化处理为目标，分析了目前国内外处理垃圾焚烧飞灰的方法和重金属在各种影响因素下的行为，并进行了比较，为飞灰的无害化和资源化处理提供参考。     

垃圾焚烧烟气的环境污染与净化技术

阐述了垃圾焚烧烟气处理技术重要性；针对垃圾焚烧烟气中的各种有害成分，介绍了对应的处理方法，着重对袋式除尘器、二喂除装置等设备进行了介绍和探讨。     

日本一家垃圾焚烧厂二恶英污染的探讨

二恶英污染主要来源于垃圾焚烧，介绍了日本一家垃圾焚烧厂二恶英污染情况，分析了产生的原因，并提出改进方案。     

垃圾焚烧与二恶英的产生及控制

本文阐述了二恶英的毒性、结构、性质、来源。二恶英的生成主要有二条途径 ,第一条途径是从与二恶英结构关系不紧密的 ,碳水化合物开始而生成的 ,第二条途径是从具有与二恶英结构相近的氯化苯酚等而生成的。垃圾焚烧中影响二恶英生成的因素有粒子状物质、催化剂 (如铜、铁、镍、锌等具有催化剂的作用 )、氯、碳、焚烧炉中温度 (2 5 0～ 70 0℃ )。控制垃圾焚烧中二恶英生成的对策有垃圾焚烧前的分类处理、二恶英生成抑制、二恶英排放抑制。     

中小城市垃圾处理的适宜技术分析

依据株洲市生活垃圾的组成和物理特性，结合土地资源、经济发展和管理水平，对中小城市垃圾处理的适宜技术进行讨论分析，可减少垃圾处理场建设的人为主观任意性和投资的盲目性。     

Leaching toxicity characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash

The continuously increasing production of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) has promoted its utilization as construction material and raised environmental concern. The physico-chemical properties and leaching behavior of MSWIBA were studied, and ecotoxicological testing using a luminescent bacterium bioassay was performed to assess the ecological pollution risks associated with its leached constituents. The MSWIBA was leached by two types of leachants, H₂SO₄/HNO₃ and HAc solution, at different liquid to solid ratios and contact times. The concentrations of heavy metals and anions in the leachates were analyzed. Multivariate statistical analyses, including principle component analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, were used to evaluate the contributions of the constituents to the toxicity (EC₅₀) of the MSWIBA leachate. The statistical analyses of the ecotoxicological results showed that the Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, F⁻ and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were closely correlated with the EC₅₀ value, and these substances were the main contributors to the ecotoxicity of the MSWIBA leachate. In addition, the cluster of these variables indicated similar leaching behaviors. Overall, the research demonstrated that the ecotoxicological risks resulting from MSWIBA leaching could be assessed before its utilization, which provides crucial information for the adaptation of MSWIBA as alternative materials.     

Observations on metal trends in soil and vegetation samples collected in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator under construction (1996–1998)

The temporal variation in metal concentrations in soil and vegetation samples collected in an area of Catalonia (Spain), which will be under the potential influence of a new hazardous waste incinerator was determined. In 1996 and again in 1998, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl and V were measured in 40 soil and 40 herbage samples collected at 250–4000 m from the facility at the same sampling points. Data of both surveys and the percentages of variation are here presented for all metals. Results are shown according to the main wind directions in the area, as well as distances from the new facility. During the period 1996–1998, a general decrease was noted for most metals. Only the levels of Hg were significantly increased during this period. The present results will be useful for future surveys aimed to evaluate the environmental impact of metals derived from emissions of the new plant.     

印染污泥特性及其掺煤焚烧处置的环境影响研究

对佛山6家印染厂污泥的基本性质和重金属污染进行了分析研究。结果表明:印染污泥有机质含量较高;对照农用污泥污染物限值和城镇污水处理污泥处置混合填埋用泥质标准,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn不同程度超标,说明印染污泥既不能农用,也不能混合填埋。污泥浸出液中重金属浓度远低于危险废物浸出毒性限值和城镇污水处理厂污泥单独焚烧用泥质的污染物限值。污泥与煤掺混焚烧烟道气中二恶英浓度在0.0125～0.022 ngTEQ/Nm3,远低于GB 18485—2001《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》限值和GB/T 24602—2009《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置单独焚烧用泥质》限值。