Pollutant emission characteristics of rice husk combustion in a vortexing fluidized bed incinerator

Rice husk with high volatile content was burned in a pilot scale vortexing fluidized bed incinerator. The fluidized bed incinerator was constructed of 6 mm stainless steel with 0.45 m in diameter and 5 m in height. The emission characteristics of CO, NO, and SO2 were studied. The effects of operating parameters, such as primary air flow rate, secondary air flow rate, and excess air ratio on the pollutant emissions were also investigated. The results show that a large proportion of combustion occurs at the bed surface and the freeboard zone. The SO2 concentration in the flue gas decreases with increasing excess air ratio, while the NOx concentration shows reverse trend. The flow rate of secondary air has a significant impact on the CO emission. For a fixed primary air flowrate, CO emission decreases with the secondary air flowrate. For a fixed excess air ratio, CO emission decreases with the ratio of secondary to primary air flow. The minimum CO emission of 72 ppm is attained at the operating condition of 40% excess air ratio and 0.6 partition air ratio. The NOx and SO2 concentrations in the flue gas at this condition are 159 and 36 ppm, which conform to the EPA regulation of Taiwan.     

Utilizing surfactants to control the sorption, desorption, and biodegradation of phenanthrene in soil-water system

An integrative technology including the surfactant enhanced sorption and subsequentdesorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene in the soil-water system was introduced and tested. For slightly contaminated agricultural soils, cationic-nonionic mixed surfactant- enhanced sorption of organic contaminants onto soils could reduce their transfer to plants, therefore safe-guarding agricultural production. After planting, residual surfactants combined with added nonionic surfactant could also promote thedesorption and biodegradation of residual phenanthrene, thus providing a cost-effective pollution remediation technology.0ur results showed that the cationic-nonionic mixed surfactantsdodecylpyridinium bromide (DDPB) and Triton X-100 (TX100) significantly enhanced soil retention of phenanthrene. The maximum sorption coefficient Kd* of phenanthrene for contaminated soils treated by mixed surfactants was about24.5 times that of soils without surfactant (Kd ) and higher than the combined effects of DDPB and TX100 individually, which was about 16.7 and 1.5 times Kd , respectively.0n the other hand, TX100 could effectively remove phenanthrene from contaminated soils treated by mixed surfactants, improving the bioavailability of organic pollutants. Thedesorption rates of phenanthrene from these treated soils were greater than 85% with TX100 concentration above2000 mg/L and approached 100% with increasing TX100 concentration. The biodegradation rates of phenanthrene in the presence of surfactants reached over 95% in30days. The mixed surfactants promoted the biodegradation of phenanthrene to some extent in 10-22days, and had no obvious impact on phenanthrene biodegradation at the end of the experiment. Results obtained from this study provide some insight for the production of safe agricultural products and a remediation scheme for soils slightly contaminated with organic pollutants.     

敦煌阳关湿地的特点及可持续利用的分析

湿地是自然界生物多样性最丰富的生态景观和人类最重要的生存环境之一。敦煌阳关湿地因其特殊的地理环境形成了其明显的特点。人为活动对该湿地资源的过度开发及不合理利用,加之全球气候变化的影响,湿地面临着环境恶化、资源枯竭、生态退化等的严重威胁。这也对该湿地功能的发挥和可持续利用造成了非常大的影响。本文以敦煌阳关湿地为研究对象,分析了阳关自然保护区内湿地保护面临的问题,并提出科学合理规划湿地、开展湿地资源监测、湿地保护与生态旅游开发的协调发展等一系列措施。本文对甘肃敦煌阳关国家级自然保护区湿地资源的保护和可持续发展有一定的参考意义。     

滇池沿湖地区农田污染生态控制关键技术研究

针对滇池沿湖地区农田面源污染的特点,结合种植生产实际情况,在分析已有研究成果的基础上,按照源-流-汇系统控制的思路,在滇池沿湖地区开展了大颗粒肥料加工施用技术;生物覆盖保护性栽培技术;沟-基-塘系统三项试验研究。实验表明生态控制技术对农田地表径流污染综合负荷TN、TN、CODCr和SS的平均去除率分别达到54.14%～59.78%、66.86%～69.45%、42.20%～62.74%和48.83%～76.41%。生态控制技术的集成研究应用对于滇池沿湖地区生态农业发展和农田面源污染防控具有良好的作用。     

昆明市主城区三种温室气体的月份和干、湿季的小时变化规律及原因分析

研究了昆明市主城区3种温室气体浓度的最新变化情况,采用2009年、2010年和2011年的月份和小时平均浓度数据,结合昆明市气候特点,对3种温室气体浓度的月份和干、湿季的小时变化规律及原因进行了分析。     

城市新区污水收集系统的建设和管理

城市新区开发的过程中,污水收集系统往往是容易被忽视的部分,因此会带来新的水体污染问题。本文针对城市新区开发中污水收集系统容易出现的问题,从规划、建设和管理三方面进行了研究和分析,并对城市新区污水收集系统建设和管理提出了建议。     

饭馆、餐厅油烟机、风机噪声扰民实例研究

随着城市化进程的加快,人民生活水平的提高,饭馆、餐厅的油烟机、风机等设施噪声扰民的事件频发。本文通过对饭馆、餐厅一条街噪声扰民事件进行原因分析、采取防治措施、治理效果验证,提出了饭馆、餐厅等社会娱乐服务场的噪声防治措施,对提高人民生活水平、减少居民投诉、促进社会和谐具有建设性意义。     

气相色谱法测定大气中乙酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯

建立了用气相色谱法测定大气中乙酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的方法。大气中乙酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯活性炭吸附,二硫化碳解吸,DB-200毛细管柱分离,直接进样分析,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,时间定性,峰面积定量。本方法前处理简便,分离度好,分析灵敏度高,满足环境分析要求。     

昆钢制氢站二次净化系统的优化改进

针对昆钢动力能源分公司制氢站建成投产后出现的环保污染和所带来的生产运行问题,对制氢系统原装置技术存在问题进行分析,提出优化改进方案,并对实施后的效果、环境效益、经济效益等进行分析。优化方案的实施彻底解决了制氢站建成后产生的环保污染问题。     

试论加强环境保护对促进人与自然和谐发展的影响

人与自然的关系,一直是人类关注的焦点。人类对于自身在自然界的地位以及二者之间关系的认识经历了漫长而曲折的过程。大家都非常重视人与自然的和谐相处。随着生产力的发展,人类对自然的征服力量越来越强,但人类从未停止对自然界的保护。党的十六届四中全会提出的构建社会主义和谐社会,不仅对人与人、人与社会的和谐提出了要求,还包括人与自然的和谐共处。显然,人与自然的和谐已成为构建和谐社会的有机组成部分。