隧道掘进爆破振动对围岩影响的HHT分析

为了探究隧道掘进爆破振动信号在围岩等级改变处的传播衰减特性,以新建铁路北京至沈阳客运专线（辽宁段）TJ-1标三棱山隧道为工程背景,采用理论分析与现场试验相结合的方法,基于TC-4850监测试验数据,对爆破质点振速时程曲线进行EMD分解和Hilbert变换。依据测点3个方向的边际谱和瞬时能量谱,分析爆破振动能量在时域和频域的分布规律,进而可以得出各频带的能量百分比以及总能量与距离的关系曲线。通过分析地震波信号沿隧道围岩传播衰减性质可以得出:爆破振动能量在频域上分布具有各向异性,而且在垂直方向上具有数量比例高、所占频带低的特点;隧道掘进爆破振动总能量在围岩等级改变处出现“断崖式”衰减,且在Ⅳ级围岩中相对衰减率更高,衰减更为迅速。     

Structural equation modelling of lower back pain due to whole-body vibration exposure in the construction industry

Whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure is a health hazard among workers, causing lower back pain (LBP) in the construction industry. This study examines key factors affecting LBP due to WBV exposure using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The results confirm five key factors (equipment, job related, organizational, personal, social context) with their 17 associated items. The organizational factor is found the most important, as it influences the other four factors. The results also show that appropriate seat type, specific training programme, job rotation, workers’ satisfaction and workers’ physical condition are crucial in reducing LBP due to WBV exposure. Moreover, provision of new machines without proper training and good working condition might not help reduce LBP due to WBV exposure. The results help the construction companies to better understand key factors affecting LBP due to WBV exposure, and to plan for a better health improvement programme.     

Experimental investigation of biodynamic human body models subjected to whole-body vibration during a vehicle ride

In this study, responses of biodynamic human body models to whole-body vibration during a vehicle ride were investigated. Accelerations were acquired from three different body parts, such as the head, upper torso and lower torso, of 10 seated passengers during a car ride while two different road conditions were considered. The same multipurpose vehicle was used during all experiments. Additionally, by two widely used biodynamic models in the literature, a set of simulations were run to obtain theoretical accelerations of the models and were compared with those obtained experimentally. To sustain a quantified comparison between experimental and theoretical approaches, the root mean square acceleration and acceleration spectral density were calculated. Time and frequency responses of the models demonstrated that neither of the models showed the best prediction performance of the human body behaviour in all cases, indicating that further models are required for better prediction of the human body responses.     

无缝钢管厂轧制烟尘处理设计及运行

针对无缝钢管厂轧制烟尘的特殊性,采用一种全新的处理工艺流程——高频振动水膜法。运行实践表明：该处理工艺技术先进,投资省,运行成本低,操作简便,运行稳定,除尘效果好。     

Heat transfer augmentation and flow characteristics in ribbed triangular duct solar air heater: An experimental analysis

An experimental study has been carried out to analyze the effect of inclined ribs used as roughness element on heat transfer along its friction characteristics. The roughness parameters include relative roughness pitch (P/e) ranges from 4–16, relative roughness height (e/D_h) ranges from 0.021–0.043 and angle of attack (α) ranges from 30° to 75°. The Reynolds number (Re) lies in the range of 4500–28000. The heat transfer and friction factor data obtained from the experiment and it is compared with the data obtained from smooth duct under the same conditions. Considerable augmentation was observed in heat transfer and friction over the smooth duct. Correlation was also developed for Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) as a function of roughness and flow parameter.     

沪宁城际铁路高架桥段CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动现场测试与分析

对沪宁城际铁路CRH动车组运行引起的高架桥段地面振动竖向速度和加速度进行了现场测试,分析了地面振动特征及其传播的衰减规律。结果表明:CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动主频在70Hz以下,属于低频振动;地面振动峰值速度和加速度随着离高架桥距离的增大而减小,20m以内地面振动衰减幅度较大;地面振动峰值随列车时速的提高而增大,车厢数量对地面振动峰值和主频成分的影响不明显;CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动对一般性建筑物影响不大,列车时速为300km左右时,地面振动速度超过办公室等公共建筑的允许值,列车时速为200km左右时,地面振动速度超过居民住宅的允许值;与其他高速铁路的地面振动实测值相比,沪宁城际铁路CRH动车组运行引起的高架桥段地面振动强度相对较低。     

钢桁架-钢筋混凝土管柱结构风致响应试验研究

大跨长悬挑钢-混凝土高柔结构的动力性状决定了其风振系数不能采用我国规范中的方法来计算。制作气弹性模型进行了动力性状、脉动风作用下位移响应、加速度响应、扭转响应、气动力稳定性等问题的相关试验,计算得到了风振系数,分析了风速、风向角、风机、周围建筑物等因素对风振系数的影响,给出了风振系数的建议值。将试验结果与其他方法计算的结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,试验结果偏大,符合风洞试验原理。研究结果为工程设计提供了基础资料,可供同类工程参考。     

大寒岭倒转背斜复杂煤层结构冲击地压研究

受大寒岭倒转背斜的影响,大安山煤矿14槽煤后槽形成了极为复杂的煤层结构,其轴部及附近和两翼形成的急倾斜煤层是高应力区,具有冲击倾向性。首先用ANSYS有限元软件建立了包括复杂煤层结构在内的矿山模型,利用单元生死技术模拟轴部及右翼开挖;在此基础上,分析了采场围岩的应力场和位移场,圈定了冲击地压发生的危险区域,分析了冲击地压发生的机理;预测了14槽煤后槽开采的冲击倾向性,并指出在实际开采时,必须采取防冲措施,为避免冲击地压事故的发生提供了技术支持,具有一定的参考价值。     

振动频率对饱和砂土液化强度的影响

采用"土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪"对饱和砂土进行了一系列动三轴实验,探讨了振动频率对液化强度数值的影响程度。在1.0、1.5固结比和0.05、0.10、1.00 Hz振动频率条件下,针对相对密实度分别为70%、28%的密砂和松砂进行了100、200、300 kPa围压和100 kPa围压条件下的液化强度实验。实验结果表明,饱和密砂和松砂在各种固结条件下,液化强度随着振动频率的增大而增大,相同破坏振次时,各种实验条件下的液化强度与振动频率的关系在双对数坐标上均符合线性关系;振动频率由0.05 Hz变化到1.00 Hz时,液化强度相差达25%以上;动强度指标φd值随振动频率的增大而增大,最大相差12.2%;随着振动频率的增大,砂土达到液化破坏所需的时间明显缩短;振动频率对松砂液化强度的影响比对密砂的影响更为显著。     

爆破对深路堑开挖边坡稳定性的影响分析

依据工程地质勘察结果,论述了爆破地震波对岩石边坡失稳的影响程度和作用机制.