外源Bt杀虫蛋白和棉花抗虫黄酮类化合物的互作关系

利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）技术比较了不同生长时期围t基因棉花及其对照受体亲本不同器官中主要抗虫黄酮类物质含量的差异。显著性分析发现，外源Bt杀虫蛋白表达对棉花原有的芸香苷，槲皮素和异槲皮苷等抗虫黄酮类化合物不存在不利的影响，以芸香苷作为黄酮类物质代表物，在饲料中进行了棉铃虫幼虫对芸香苷和Bt杀虫蛋白的复合剂量反应试验，结果表明，芸香苷对棉铃虫幼虫的毒杀作用达到极显著水平，同时随着芸香苷浓度的提高，Bt杀虫毒蛋白对棉铃虫幼虫的杀虫效果得到增强。芸香苷对Bt杀虫毒蛋白有极显著增效作用。     

生物制氢最新研究进展与发展趋势

氢能具有清洁、高效、可再生的特点,是一种最具发展潜力的化石燃料替代能源.与传统的热化学和电化学制氢技术相比,生物制氢具有低能耗、少污染等优势.近年来,生物制氢技术在发酵菌株筛选、产氢机制、制氢工艺等方面取得了较大进展.暗发酵和光发酵结合制氢技术是一种新技术,具有较高的氢气产量.以厌氧细菌和光合细菌为发酵菌种,以富含碳水化合物的工农业废弃物为原料,进行暗发酵和光发酵结合制氢,具有广阔发展前途前景.本文综述了国内外生物制氢技术研究进展,展望了未来发展趋势.     

Indicators for Chemicals: Sources,impacts and policy performance (5 pp)

Background Different types of indicators have been developed to describe the impact of chemicals on society and environment. Due to the high number of substances and their different types of use, most of these indicators are directed to specific areas of interest – regarding workplace safety, environmental health or consumer health. They address a specific subset of chemicals and can be used for monitoring enterprise-specific, national or international management measures. Main Features A survey of existing indicators for chemicals has shown that indicators already exist for a remarkable number of problem fields. As soon as the release and the environmental fate of chemicals are taken into account, the complexity of the approaches increases considerably. The distinction between indicators for drivers, pressures, state, impacts and responses, as proposed by the European Environmental Agency, supports the identification of proper indicators for a specific type of problem. Discussion and Conclusions. No single indicator exists which is able to cover the whole range of chemicals and their applications. Several indicator approaches cover at least a subset of the most relevant substances. If they are intended to be used for European monitoring, robust data must be provided by EU Member States. Chemicals in enterprises (ancillary inputs as well as process chemicals) are an important element of in-plant material flow management – in terms of occupational safety and health as well as environmental protection. Existing indicators for hazardous chemicals can be a valuable tool for process and product refinement regarding hazardous chemicals, especially for enterprises. Outlook Indicators for production and impact of chemicals, as well as policy performance indicators, are essential elements in order to monitor the management of chemicals. They have to be established for the national and for the EU level.     

Nonylphenols in freshwaters of the hydrologic system of an Italian district: association with human activities and evaluation of human exposure

A sampling campaign for the determination of concentrations of nonylphenol isomers (NPs) in freshwaters and sediments of the hydrologic system of the Rieti district (central Italy) was conducted from 2002 to 2003. Eighteen sampling points, selected on the basis of the different human activities in the vicinity, were monitored; six series of water samples (from June 2002 to February 2003) and one of sediment samples (summer 2002) were analyzed by GC/MS.

There was a direct relationship between concentrations of NPs and the presence of urban or industrial activities near the sampling point. However, concentrations of NPs in water were in the range of <0.1–1.4 μg l⁻¹, and their presence limited to short distances from the sources of contamination. Accumulation factors in sediment samples ranged from 10² to 5 × 10³.     

Preface

A new method for generating reactive species to destroy toxic organic chemicals has been developed. This method reacts yellow phosphorus with O₂, in moist air to produce species such as O,O₃, PO, and PO₂, which are capable of reacting with various types of organics. Toxic organic com-pounds are converted to small molecular wight organic acids, aldehydes, and/or alcohols, while yel-low phosphonis is oxidital into phosphoric acid, which may be recovered as a valuable byproduct.This technique has ben demonstrated to be effective for destroying many types of toxic organiccompounds. including PAH, aromatic chlorides, amines, alcohols, and acids, nitro-aromatics,heterocyclic hydrocarbons, PCB, aliphatic chlorides and sulfides, dyes, and pesticides.     

再生胶工业废气的生物法净化研究

采用生物法废气净化技术净化治理橡胶再生低浓度有机废气 ,工业试验装置连续运行 10 0d的结果显示 ,其对再生胶废气中甲苯的净化效率可较长时间保持在 90 %左右 ,废气经处理后可以实现达标排放。废气处理成本约为工厂再生胶产值的 0 12 %～ 0 14% ,具有较好的技术先进性和经济合理性。后续的工程化装置连续运行并达标验收     

粉煤灰混凝剂的性能研究

粉煤灰混凝剂的性能研究于衍真李国忠傅兴华戴宝刚（山东建筑材料工业学院，济南２５００２２）关键词混凝；粉煤灰；工业废水．当前水污染问题已遍及世界各地，特别是城市和工业区附近的水体污染尤为严重．造成这种现象的原因除城市人口密度大、生活废水多以外，主要是来...     

汽车工业发展与环境效应的数学模型及其应用

随着９０年代我国汽车工业的迅速发展和汽车保有量的不断增长，汽车排放物在我国特别是大城市渐渐成为大气的主要污染源，在民健康和我国可持续发展战略目标的实现构成了威胁。因此，我国政府越来越重视对汽车排放污染的控制，制定了一系列治理汽车排放污染的政策法规，本文试图运用数学分析方法建立以汽车排放总量为主变量的汽车工业发展环境效应分析的模型，计算和讨论了治理汽车排放污染物和污染防治的政策法规实施的潜在效果。为     

天津市大港石化工业发展规划区区域废水COD(Cr)总量控制实例分析

 区域废水污染物排放总量控制是当前环境影响评价和环境规划中探讨的重要课题。天津市大港石化发展规划区占地约35km₂，是一个已具一定规模并在迅速发展的石油化工工业区。本文从最终受纳水体开始，采取反向递推分析方式，确定了该规划区区域废水COD_Cr总量控制目标，并分析了该规划区区域废水COD_Cr排放量削减的可行性。     

工业废水对城市污水处理厂设计及运行的影响

本文阐述了三种工业废水处理方式及每种处理方法的特点,通过比较三种处理方式在资金投入、处理效果、运行费用等几方面的比较,结合工业废水水质特点、排放方式等因素对城市污水处理厂设计及运行管理的影响,并通过比较,提出了相应的污水处理厂设计及管理对策.