炼油厂汽提废水预处理工业试验

炼油厂汽提废水含较高浓度的酚 ,会对污水处理场产生冲击。采用上流式曝气生物滤池对废水进行预处理工业试验 ,取得了满意的试验结果 :出水酚浓度低于 9.0mg/L ,酚降解率 >90 % ,完全可以消除它对污水处理场的冲击。并通过工业试验为工艺设计和工业运行确定了有关参数和运行条件。     

产业生态系统多尺度能值整合评价方法

能值分析方法为自然环境资源与人类社会、经济的统一评价提供了新的思路,但面对当今产业生态学发展的实践需求,在多尺度整合分析、动态模型构建等方面仍显薄弱,需要与经济学等其他学科相对成熟的分析方法与模型加以整合。文章以能值综合方法为核心介质,从成本分析与效果分析的整合、能值分析与区域经济分析的整合,以及能值分析表与投入-产出矩阵模型的整合三个方面进行了产业生态学的能值整合研究方法的具体构建,以促进能值理论方法与产业生态学研究需求的进一步耦合。     

基于网络SBM-DEA模型和GML指数的中国各省工业用水效率研究

近年来,中国工业用水占全部用水的比例在20%~30%左右,提升工业用水效率、节约集约利用水资源已经成为影响中国国民经济可持续发展的重要问题之一。本文基于网络SBM-DEA模型和GML指数,研究了2007-2015年中国各省工业用水效率,实证结果发现：（1） 从年度平均值来看,与污水治理阶段相比,生产阶段处于前沿面的省份更多,各省份与前沿面的差距相对较小。北京、天津、内蒙古、山东、广东、海南等省份生产阶段工业用水效率较高,但是污水治理阶段的效率值却较低;辽宁、吉林、安徽、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、广西、贵州、云南、青海等省份生产阶段效率值较低,但是污水治理阶段的效率值却较高。（2） 从各时间段的几何平均值来看,大部分省份网络和污水治理阶段的GML指数值小于1,但是生产阶段的GML指数值大于1。因此,在提升生产阶段的工业用水效率的同时,需要加大工业污水的治理力度,提升污水治理阶段的效率,并树立工业生产和治污同步进行的意识,特别是北京、天津、内蒙古、山东、广东、海南等污水治理效率较低的省份。     

济南市工业三废污染及其治理

根据济南市1994～2003年环境污染监测结果分析得出:近10年来济南市工业废气排放量呈上升趋势,工业烟尘、粉尘去除率呈上升趋势;工业废水排放量减少,排放达标率呈上升趋势;工业固体废物产生量增加,综合利用率呈上升趋势.产生工业污染的原因主要有:产业结构不合理,公众环保意识差,环境管理松懈.得出相应的治理对策:调整产业结构;加强三废处理设施的建设;加强城市基础设施建设;加强环境管理,加强宣传教育,提高公众环保意识.     

General principles for life cycle assessment databases

This paper examines the minimum essential requirements that must be satisfied when a database is established for life cycle inventory calculations. It shows that the format of the database is governed by the physical requirements of the system being examined, by the need to include iterative calculations within the analysis and by the demands of the final data presentation.     

化工园区防范救援救灾一体化建设思考

以化工园区安全生产、事故防范、救援救灾为大背景,通过智慧监管、大数据分析、一体化指挥体系、救援圈建立、跨区域资源配置等方法理念,提出了推行化工园区防范救援救灾一体化建设思路。     

Cleaner industrial production practice in Ethiopia: problems and prospects

In this article, cleaner industrial production (CIP) from the Ethiopian perception, the conditions for implementation, the barriers encountered during implementation and the strategies used are discussed. In addition, the outcome of the project is highlighted.The barriers related to the implementation of Industrial CIP in Ethiopia are mainly due to:

• the lack of awareness on the part of the industrial sector;

• the lack of commitments from the high level management;

• the nature of the existing factories.

Cleaner production as a concept is not yet fully understood in Ethiopia and for this a vigorous awareness campaign has to continuously be conducted through all possible media. So far, awareness seminars, workshops and demonstration projects have been held and proved to be effective in facilitating the implementation of National Cleaner Industrial Production Project of Ethiopia (NACIPPE 1 and 2). It was, however, sad to note that at the time of the campaign, government promulgated a decree to the effect that state-owned factories were going to be privatized any time, which, to a considerable extent lowered the management's commitment towards the CIP projects.The first and second phases of NACIPPE 1 and 2 were implemented in 1997 and 1998 respectively. Forty industries from public and private sectors participated in the training and waste audit exercises and a total of 61 audit experts and 156 audit assistants were trained. The package was divided into three technical training components and three waste audit practices. The technical support was extended by hiring a private enterprise, Chem. Tech. Center Sh. Co.     

创建新型生态城市的探索--以黄石市为例

现代化城市建设对生态环境提出了新的要求。文章首先阐述了生态城市的内涵和创建生态城市的必要性；然后从主要污染物、主要水体、水土保持和森林覆盖率四个方面，分析了黄石市的生态环境现状；最后以可持续发展和人与自然高度和谐统一为目标，提出了将黄石市创建成为新型生态城市的具体措施。     

空间溢出视角下中国污染密集型产业集聚的环境效应

本研究在着力改善生态环境和调整产业空间布局的背景下,着眼于国民经济行业中高能耗、高污染的污染密集型产业,基于2000—2015年中国30个省区的面板数据,在污染密集型产业识别的基础上,考察了污染密集型产业集聚和环境污染的空间特征,构建了空间面板杜宾模型,并从空间溢出视角,探讨了污染密集型产业集聚的环境效应.研究发现:①污染密集型产业集聚和环境污染均具有显著的空间正相关性;②污染密集型产业集聚和环境污染之间存在显著的倒"U"型曲线关系,对于产业集聚水平较高的山西、宁夏和内蒙古,有望通过空间溢出效应和政策干预发挥减排效应,其他省区集聚水平的提高将会加剧环境污染;③经济发展水平和外商直接投资与环境污染之间均具有显著的正相关关系,而技术创新能力的提高能显著降低污染水平.     

A practical dialogue protocol for sustainability science to contribute to regional resources management: its implementation in Réunion

Over the last decade, adaptive co‐management has been recommended as a policy framework to address complex and uncertain resources management issues. Implementing this theoretical management concept requires the integration of multidisciplinary research and local knowledge. Yet practical protocols to link science, policymaking and societies have yet to be developed. We designed a protocol to produce legitimate, credible and relevant solutions to a regional resources management issue. This is a two‐component protocol. A stakeholder grid categorizes stakeholder representatives in three distinct specialized dialogue arenas: institution representatives, technical experts and local end‐users. An iterative co‐design process then builds on these arenas to assess the institutional legitimacy, technical credibility and empirical relevance dimensions of a common solution initiated by an initial plausible promise. We tested this framework in Réunion to address organic waste management issues at the regional level. The plausible solution explored was the introduction of a recycling industry involved in collecting organic waste and producing and selling organic fertilizers tailored for local crop systems. The protocol application outcomes were consolidated and documented scenarios accepted by all, with knowledge exchange and the broad spread of a stabilized expectation contributing to private initiatives and public policy change.