Fly ash exploited in pavement layers in environmentally friendly ways

Increased care about the environment is currently evidenced by governmental, industrial, and consumer concern for ozone depletion, solid and liquid waste disposal, and pollutants. This concern has led to an increase in marketing of the “environmentally friendly” aspects of products. In the past, fly ash was generally released into the atmosphere, but pollution control equipment mandated in recent decades now requires that it is captured prior to release. In order to upgrade expansive soils as construction materials, fly ash, which is a waste material, has been selected and successfully used for stabilizing expansive clays in the Thrace region. The strength characteristics of the stabilized soils were measured. Depending upon the soil type, the effective fly ash content for improving the engineering properties of the soil varied between 8% and 12%. Using fly ash in roadwork projects will help the environment reducing the deposited amounts.     

Effectiveness of China's National Forest Protection Program and nature reserves

There is profound interest in knowing the degree to which China's institutions are capable of protecting its natural forests and biodiversity in the face of economic and political change. China's 2 most important forest‐protection policies are its National Forest Protection Program (NFPP) and its national‐level nature reserves (NNRs). The NFPP was implemented in 2000 in response to deforestation‐caused flooding. We undertook the first national, quantitative assessment of the NFPP and NNRs to examine whether the NFPP achieved its deforestation‐reduction target and whether the NNRs deter deforestation altogether. We used MODIS data to estimate forest cover and loss across mainland China (2000–2010). We also assembled the first‐ever polygon dataset for China's forested NNRs (n = 237, 74,030 km² in 2000) and used both conventional and covariate‐matching approaches to compare deforestation rates inside and outside NNRs (2000–2010). In 2000, 1.765 million km² or 18.7% of mainland China was forested (12.3% with canopy cover of ≥70%)) or woodland (6.4% with canopy cover <70% and tree plus shrub cover ≥40%). By 2010, 480,203 km² of forest and woodland had been lost, an annual deforestation rate of 2.7%. Forest‐only loss was 127,473 km² (1.05% annually). In the NFPP provinces, the forest‐only loss rate was 0.62%, which was 3.3 times lower than in the non‐NFPP provinces. Moreover, the Landsat data suggest that these loss rates are overestimates due to large MODIS pixel size. Thus, China appears to have achieved, and even exceeded, its target of reducing deforestation to 1.1% annually in the NFPP provinces. About two‐thirds of China's NNRs were effective in protecting forest cover (prevented loss 4073 km² unmatched approach; 3148 km² matched approach), and within‐NNR deforestation rates were higher in provinces with higher overall deforestation. Our results indicate that China's existing institutions can protect domestic forest cover.     

基于DEA模型对循环经济产业链的构建和优化

基于DEA(数据包络模型)对甘肃民勤县红沙岗工业集中区产业链的构建进行了定量优化研究。从发挥当地煤炭资源优势出发,构建了煤-焦炭、煤-甲醇、煤-兰炭-电石和煤-甲醇-二甲醚4条循环经济产业链,选择主要原辅材料消耗和污染物产生量作为投入指标,产值和规模作为产出指标,判断产业链的DEA有效性。结合产业政策要求及集中区重大资源和环境制约因素后,综合确定出适合集中区发展的循环经济产业链和适度的产业规模。结果表明,120万t/a的煤-兰炭-电石产业链为优先发展的产业链。     

Coherence between marine and land use planning: public attitudes to landscapes in the context of siting a wind park along the Latvian coast of the Baltic Sea

The aim of this paper is to contribute to coherence in marine, coastal and land use planning and management from the perspective of landscape values. At a time when new sea uses are emerging and marine spatial planning laws and regulations are being adopted, but have not yet been put into practice, research studies are required that provide spatial planners with informed insights concerning public stakeholder attitudes to controversial policies. The undertaken research explored the attitudes of two important social groups (local residents and tourists/recreational users) regarding locating wind parks in the marine and/or terrestrial environment along the Latvian coast of the Baltic Sea. The results of the study indicate that both groups support land-based wind park development versus offshore. Moreover, the visibility of wind turbines influences the willingness of tourists to visit recreation sites and impacts directly on their duration of stay. Research findings indicate that policy makers and spatial planners from both marine and land domains should adopt a broader and more integrated approach when setting priorities and allocating space for development activities where both domains are involved.     

新型人工湿地对工业区降雨径流的净化研究

根据东莞市同沙水库集水区内工业区降雨径流的水质、水量特征,采用新型折流式人工湿地对其进行模拟及实地降雨径流净化研究.对人工湿地不同运行阶段模拟降雨径流的净化效果进行对比,分析COD、SS、TN、TP、NH4+-N以及重金属Pb、Zn、Cu在湿地系统中的沿程变化,探讨它们的主要去除机制.模拟净化研究中,除TN外,湿地系统出水各污染物均达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅲ类质量标准,TN达Ⅳ类标准;且大部分污染物在湿地前端被去除.实地降雨径流净化研究中,COD、SS、TN、TP及NH4+-N的平均去除率分别为90.9%、97.0%、83.4%、92.2%、90.0%;重金属Pb、Zn、Cu的平均去除率分别为98.4%、94.1%、93.6%,出水均能达地表Ⅲ类水标准.研究表明,折流式人工湿地系统对工业区降雨径流的净化效果显著,湿地系统具有较强抗冲击负荷能力.另外,小幅温度变化对湿地系统中污染物的去除影响不大.     

利用有机碳同位素组成辨识土壤污染过程的方法初探

利用有机碳含量变化特征和有机碳同位素组成的变化规律,探寻土壤碳源和迁移转化过程.在北京市首钢烧结厂和通州永乐店分别采集了2条土壤剖面,对样品进行了有机碳含量和同位素组成的分析.研究结果表明,首钢工业区烧结厂和城郊土壤样品有机碳含量相差很大,表层土最高含量分别是4.4%和0.8%;首钢烧结厂附近土壤样品有机碳同位素组成仅...     

天津滨海某化工园区废水预处理去毒技术研究

化工产业是天津滨海新区重要的支柱产业,该行业废水因污染种类复杂,具有高盐、高毒、难降解等特点,是滨海新区污染物控制的主要威胁。通过对滨海某化工区实际废水进行几种主流预处理技术及其组合工艺的研究,明晰了其在实验条件下各自的特点,验证了其实际处理效果,进一步掌握了其反应过程中的特性,为研究后续的示范工程应用及大规模推广打下基础。实验表明,制药废水经内电解处理后毒性削减率最高可达到46%,对化学合成废水有较好的去毒效果,该技术可有效地提高制药废水的可生化性;光催化氧化对苯胺和氯苯的最佳降解条件分别是15 g/L TiO(23 h)及17.5 g/L TiO2;负载型纳米铁和纳米四氧化三铁催化剂分别适合极酸和中性、偏碱性条件,催化效率高,COD去除效果好。     

鱼组合测废水急性毒性技术的特点与理论基础

文章简要论述了国内外工业废水的鱼类急性毒性试验技术的发展和现状。运用3～5种小型鱼类组合技术方法对数十家企业工业废水进行急性毒性测试,可显著提高该技术方法毒性测试的灵敏性和毒性判断的可靠性,并显著缩短试验时间。根据工业废水组分及生物毒性的复杂性,以及不同鱼类对同一毒性和同一种鱼类对不同毒性的敏感反应具有差异性的特点,着重探讨和论述了支持用多种鱼组合(同时)测试工业废水急性毒性的理论基础。     

深圳市工业固体废物产生特征和管理对策建议

工业固体废物规范化管理是环境污染防治和实现经济绿色发展的重要组成部分。根据工业固体废物统计数据,全面分析了深圳市固体废物的产生特征,并以减量化、资源化和无害化为基本原则提出针对性管理策略和具体措施建议。     

上海市工业园区投资环境评价研究

在回顾大量关于投资环境评价方法相关文献的基础上,考虑了传统的区位因子和现代工业园区布局要素条件,建立了区位条件、腹地支撑能力、微观环境、规模及发育程度和创新能力5个子系统,并相应选取了16项评价因素和40个评价指标。选用主成分分析方法计算出权重值,然后根据权重计算出上海工业园区综合评价值,最后对上海市工业园区的投资环境做出总体评价。总体上,上海市级以上工业园区的投资环境接近中等水平,整体水平仍有待于进一步提高。各子系统对综合评价值的贡献程度不一,综合评价值高的园区,每个子系统的贡献率比较均匀,差异性比较小。综合评价值比较低的园区,各子系统的贡献率不均匀,差异性比较大。尤其在创新能力方面,所有工业园区都表现出不足, 今后要重点改善,以进一步提升上海市整体工业园区的投资环境。