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951.
The analysis of three years of 8-h CO concentration values registered in a deep street canyon downtown shows high frequency of values that exceed WHO health protection guidelines. An inverse relationship between opposing percentiles of the distributions of CO concentrations and mean wind speed could be found. Data also showed a variation of mean CO values with prevailing wind direction. The averaged concentration value obtained when the sampler probe is on the leeward side is lower than the obtained when it is on the windward wall. A preliminary explanation of this feature may be related to the advection of polluted air from a high traffic density area nearby. 相似文献
952.
张掖地区造纸厂废水灌溉区域微型生物调查研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对造纸废水流经灌区不同点进行微型生物监测 ,从微型生物的指示性角度出发 ,来说明造纸废水水质污染状况。通过监测得知 ,废水灌区微型生物共有 3 8种。其中藻类 1 0种 ,原生动物 2 8种。 3 8种微型生物均属多污性、α-中污性或 β-中污性种类 ,说明造纸废水治理效果较差且对灌区农作物及生态污染较严重。如何解决废水污染及灌区对废水的依赖性 ,应引起有关部门的重视。 相似文献
953.
Z. Zlatev I. Dimov Tz. Ostromsky G. Geernaert I. Tzvetanov A. Bastrup-Birk 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2001,6(1):35-55
In order to help guide air pollution legislation at the European level, harmful air pollution effects on agriculture crops and the consequent economic implications for policy have been studied for more than a decade. Ozone has been labeled as the most serious of the damaging air pollutants to agriculture, where growth rates and consequently yields are dramatically reduced. Quantifying the effects has formed a key factor in policymaking. Based on the widely held view that AOT40 (Accumulated exposure Over Threshold of 40 ppb) is a good indicator of ozone-induced damage, the Danish Eulerian Model (DEM) was used to compute reduced agriculture yields on a 50 km×50 km grid over Europe. In one set of scenarios, a ten year meteorological time series was combined with realistic emission inventories. In another, various idealized emission reduction scenarios are applied to the same meteorological time series. The results show substantial inter-annual variability in economic losses, due in most part to meteorological conditions which varied much more substantially than the emissions during the same period. It is further shown that, taking all uncertainties into account, estimates of ozone-induced economic losses require that a long meteorological record is included in the analysis, for statistical significance to be improved to acceptable levels for use in policy analysis. In this study, calculations were made for Europe as a whole, though this paper presents results relevant for Denmark. 相似文献
954.
Affum HA Oduro-Afriyie K Nartey VK Adomako D Nyarko BJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):15-24
Lichens collected in an unpolluted forest (background) in November 2004, transplanted at 41 sampling sites along the Madina-Tetteh
Quarshie road, retrieved in February 2005 and analysed were found to contain higher concentrations of Manganese (Mn), Vanadium
(V), lead, Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni) than in the background area. Observations showed that of all the heavy
metals studied, Manganese concentrations were highest at all sampling points with maximum values around a traffic light, an
intersection and car fitting/mechanic workshops. Significant correlations were found between Ni and Mn, Mn and Cr and Mn and
V. Statistical analysis also revealed a relatively even dispersion of the studied elements on the eastern side of the road
than on the western side. 相似文献
955.
Gowri VS Ramachandran S Ramesh R Pramiladevi IR Krishnaveni K 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,138(1-3):41-49
Residential, industrial, commercial, institutional and recreational activities discharge degradable and non-degradable wastes
that reach the coastal water through rivers and cause coastal pollution. In the present study, mass transport of pollutants
by Adyar and Cooum Rivers to the coastal water as a result of land-based discharges was estimated during low tide. The lowest
and the highest flow recorded in Adyar varied from 514.59 to 2,585.08×106 litres/day. Similarly, the flow in Cooum River fluctuated between 266.45 and 709.34×106 litres/day. The present study revealed that the Adyar River transported 53.89–454.11 t/d of suspended solids, 0.06–19.64 t/d
of ammonia, 15.95–123.24 t/d of nitrate and 0.4–17.86 t/d of phosphate, 0.004–0.09 kg/d of cadmium, 0.15–1.29 kg/d of lead
and 3.03–17.58 kg/d of zinc to the coastal water owing to its high discharge. Similarly, the Cooum River transported 11.87–120.06 t/d
of suspended solids, 0.08–58.7 t/d of ammonia, 6.11–29.25 t/d of nitrate and 0.66–10.73 t/d of phosphate, 0.003–0.021 kg/d
of cadmium, 0.02–0.44 kg/d of lead and 1.36–3.87 kg/d of zinc. A higher concentration of suspended solids was noticed in post
monsoon and summer months. An increase in the mass transport of ammonia, nitrate, phosphate in summer months (April and May)
and an increase in the mass transport of cadmium, lead and zinc were observed in monsoon months (October–December) in both
the rivers. Thus mass transport of pollutants study reveal that Cooum and Adyar Rivers in Chennai contribute to coastal pollution
by transporting inorganic and trace metals significantly through land drainage. 相似文献
956.
Transportation system has contributed significantly to the development of human civilization; on the other hand it has an
enormous impact on the ambient air quality in several ways. In this paper the air and noise pollution at selected sites along
three sections of National Highway was monitored. Pakistan National Highway Authority has started a Highway Improvement
program for rehabilitations and maintenance of National highways to improve the traffic flows, and would ultimately improve
the air quality along highways. The ambient air quality and noise level was monitored at nine different locations along these
sections of highways to quantify the air pollution. The duration of monitoring at individual location was 72 h. The most of
the sampling points were near the urban or village population, schools or hospitals, in order to quantify the air pollution
at most affected locations along these roads. A database consisting of information regarding the source of emission, local
metrology and air quality may be created to assess the profile of air quality in the area. 相似文献
957.
958.
959.
基于GIS的南京市典型蔬菜基地土壤重金属污染现状与评价 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13
对南京市八卦洲蔬菜基地土壤中的铅、铬、铜和镉进行测定分析,利用不同的评价标准来评价其环境质量状况,同时借助GIS软件研究了污染指数的空间分布状况,并解析了其重金属污染的来源.结果表明,以自然背景值为评价标准,则蔬菜地土壤中的重金属都超过污染指标,其中镉为首要污染因子;以国标二级为评价标准,则除镉以外的三种重金属的单项污染指数值全都小于1,但其综合污染指数迭1.50,总体上属轻污染状况.南京化工因区、南京长江二桥和各种农业生产活动等可能是主要污染源. 相似文献
960.
突发性水污染事故危害大,要求应急监测工作快速、及时和准确,要尽快找到污染发生源.说清污染物的空间和时间变化特征,迁移和变化趋势,污染物的排放总量,现场应急措施的效果等,便于相关人员进一步优化处理措施和试验方案.文章叙述了常见水污染事故的应急监测方法,并讨论了水污染事故应急监测过程中应注意的一些问题. 相似文献