工伤保险行业差别费率确定方法探讨

制定合理的行业差别费率对于工伤保险基金的稳定、促进企业改善安全生产状况具有积极作用.我国工伤保险制度处于起步阶段,有些地区对行业差别费率厘定进行了探索,但费率与风险的关联性不强,影响了低风险企业参加工伤保险统筹的积极性.本文针对工伤统计数据缺乏的现状,分析了现阶段工伤保险行业差别费率确定方法的研究现状,重点讨论了确定行业风险等级的3种方法,即聚类分析法、风险系数测评和模糊风险评估法的应用过程以及优缺点;另外,强调了在确定行业风险指数时,应注意根据不同事故类别的严重度来确定各风险因素指标的权重大小.最后,应用风险评估理论分析工伤保险行业差别费率的运作机理,提出应用工伤赔付支出费用计算行业差别费率的数学公式,此公式原理清晰、操作方便,且有利于各统筹地区根据实际情况划分行业差别费率.     

不同地震序列类型地震的特征性质研究

收集整理了1993年以来的地震资料,建立M5地震和M6地震两个样本组,选取发震断层、震源复杂性、视应力3个参数,使用模糊等价关系的聚类分析方法对地震进行分类,把具有相同性质的地震归为同一类,研究孤立型、主余型、多震型地震的某些特征性质。结果表明:1孤立型地震性质:震源错动方式简单,应力降高或很高,视应力低或很低,震源区介质非均匀程度低;2多震型地震性质:对于走滑断层地震,震源错动方式复杂,应力降低或很低,视应力偏高或很高,震源区介质非均匀程度较高。     

纸业生态产业链设计:由传统造纸工业向生态化纸业的转移

定义了可更新资源生态产业链,并依此设计了我国纸业生态产业链.提出"生态化结构与利益性诱因相结合"的可更新资源生态产业链设计的基本原理,以及建立可更新资源生态产业链的5个必要条件,即模仿生态闭路系统,增大可更新资源存量,向资源生产率要效益,开发社会性长期需要和系统创新活动.认为纸业生态产业链是可更新资源生态产业链的典型范例,是解决造纸工业3大制约性难题,使我国纸业由黑色产业变为绿色产业的有效途径.     

经济转型中的中国废钢铁投资市场

废钢铁产业是我国再生资源产业的主体,其节能减排、低碳环保和不可替代的钢铁原料功效十分显著。阐述了我国废钢铁产业在经济转型中的主导地位、应用价值、投资环境及今后的发展战略。指出我国经济发展方式的转变,赋予了废钢铁产业良好的发展机遇和重大的历史使命,中国废钢产业具有良好的投资市场和巨大的发展空间。     

发展再生资源产业 实现可持续发展

党的十七届五中全会给再生资源产业的发展提供了重大发展机遇。再生资源行业必须坚持以科学发展为主题、以加快转变经济发展方式为主线,立足实际,转变经营方式,提高发展的全面性、协调性、可持续性,推动＂十二五＂期间再生资源产业发展迈上新台阶。     

新兴产业形态与再生资源产业升级发展

在再生资源产业快速发展过程中,集散市场、分拣中心与加工园区等新兴产业形态令人瞩目。这些新兴产业形态的出现是再生资源产业经济效率提高的要求,是产业地位提升的需要,是先进理念注入的结果,是技术进步的必然趋势。其代表着再生资源产业更先进的生产力,标志着再生资源产业的庞大产业链条正在形成。应从新兴产业形态中,发掘再生资源产业发展的内生动力,推动再生资源产业又好又快发展。     

基于城市土地产业属性的面积分摊计算方法研究——以合肥市为例

现有土地分类对城市第二三产业用地划分过于粗略,与国民经济行业分类缺乏有效衔接,导致无法准确掌握城市各类第二三产业用地类型与面积。论文通过引入经济普查数据,把产业单位经济属性赋予土地,在现有土地分类的基础上将城市第二三产业用地类型进一步细分,与国民经济分类衔接。以合肥市为例,应用面积分摊计算方法,通过计算推算分摊系数、推算分摊面积和实际分摊面积得到各类型产业用地面积和产业用地总面积,同时绘制产业用地分布图。将分摊面积与相关标准、数据比较,结果显示:第一,合肥市工业用地实际使用率为94%,还有进一步提高的空间;第二,合肥市工业用地占城市建设用地的15.52%,比例偏低;第三,部分工业企业布局不合理。研究结论表明面积分摊计算方法能够为产业用地评价提供数据基础,为产业用地结构调整和布局优化提供有用指导。     

Mechanistic aspects of the thermal formation of halogenated organic compounds including polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins. Part V†: Hypotheses and summary

The hypotheses on the de novo syntheses of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs), based on known literature, are presented. Polychlorinated benzenes and polychlorinated phenols are probably key intermediates.

In the present article, hypotheses that may account for the presence of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs) in the effluents from municipal and industrial incinerators are put forward. These hypotheses are based on the previously surveyed literature (Ref. 203–206) and experimental results on laboratory scale and thermodynamic calculations are considered. The interconnections of various reaction steps are speculative and no technological information was added to account for conditions in real incinerators. Conclusion of the discussions on the related subject matter, presented in the Parts I‐IV (Ref. 203–206), are also described in this paper.     

Pah characteristics in ambient air within a steel industrial complex

Ambient air samples at ten sites in an iron and steel industrial complex were collected from June to December for analyzing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Sixteen species of PAH components in air samples were identified. The results indicate that both gaseous phase and particle‐bound PAHs at the top of the cokemaking plants are unusually high. The profiles of particle‐bound PAHs indicate that the predominant species at the top of, the coke oven batteries are those of high molecular weight components. The major components of particle‐bound PAHs at sampling sites near the fenceline, however, include the medium molecular weight components. The PAH profiles of air samples within the industrial complex show a strong similarity to those of cokemaking plant samples. The concentrations and the specific content of benzo(a)pyrene in the iron and steel industrial complex are higher than those values measured in urban area, petrochemical industry park, and open‐air burning area.     

Industrial ecology flows of agriculture and food industry in Finland: utilizing by-products and wastes

Although half of the administrative units in China are said to have implemented their local Agenda 21, the promotion of sustainable communities is not pervasive. In this paper, we adopted a relatively untried mode of analysis and a socio-economic context to illustrate the potentials and failures of China's grassroots local government bodies in achieving sustainable waste management. Our study shows that, among the three main functions of sustainable waste management (ensuring environmental hygiene, provision of recycling logistics and changing the consumption pattern of the local community) for local governments, grassroots local government bodies in mainland China are only able to do the minimum, i.e. ensuring environmental hygiene and handling complaints. One of the reasons for the failure is that, despite the emphasis on capacity building in China's Agenda 21, the reality is that no action is taken to empower grassroots local government. Despite the high profile accorded by the Chinese central government to motivating local governments to formulate their own Agenda 21, local sustainability and waste management performance have little relevance to the appraisal systems of these government agents.