过程工业计算机辅助安全防护层分析技术进展

介绍当前过程工业安全防护层分析(LOPA)的基本内容,研讨LOPA方法与深层次的危险和可操作性分析方法(HAZOP)之间的关系以及计算机辅助HAZOP的研究进展。针对人工LOPA方法的缺点,开发了SDG-HAZOP软件平台,为计算机辅助LOPA平台研发创造了先决条件。应用计算机辅助LOPA方法,使防护层的设置具有更好的针对性、合理性和有效性,发挥对事故的预防和预警作用,并具有良好的发展前景。     

化学工业园区重大事故场外应急预案编制技术研究

阐述化学工业园区重大事故场外应急预案编制的技术路线;把编制过程分为调查评估、制度设计、预案编写3阶段,其中调查评估是基础,制度设计是关键;指出危险源辨识、脆弱性分析、应急资源评估、应急组织架构及其职责确定、应急救援运行机制设计等是化学工业园区重大事故场外应急预案编制的工作要点;提出"基本预案+应急功能程序+支持附件"的化学工业园区重大事故场外应急预案结构模式。该编制技术对促进化学工业园区重大事故场外应急预案的科学化、规范化和可操作性具有指导意义。     

科学构建化工园区安全生产长效机制的关键要素

针对我国化工园区的发展现状和存在的问题,结合本质安全等现代先进安全管理理念,系统地分析了强化化工园区安全生产长效机制关键要素的手段和措施,为提高化工园区和相关行业的安全管理现状提供了科学依据。指出当前强化园区总体规划和布局论证以及严格执行园区准入制度的重要性;阐明建设项目本质安全化是重要关键所在,应通过在项目构建的不同阶段,分步实施本质安全化设计策略;考虑到园区重大事故多米诺效应概率显著增加,理论研究确定了爆炸和火灾触发多米诺效应的概率和临界距离;特别强调重大危险源的控制和管理是核心问题,提出了园区重大危险源的三级安全管理模式和园区应急资源评估模式。     

矿岩可崩性的可拓聚类预测研究

将可拓工程方法与聚类分析相结合,以矿岩的可崩性等级和影响因子构造经典域物元和节域物元,应用物元理论和可拓集合中的关联函数,建立了可拓聚类预测的简单物元模型.通过与RQD法,RMR法,MRMR法以及Q系统分级法的矿岩可崩性分级评价结果相比较,可拓聚类预测方法所获得的结果与其他评价方法的结果具有一致性,说明该方法的可行性.可拓聚类预测结果具有不仅反映事物从属级别的绝对性,而且还能反映其相对性的优点.     

Case study: examining the contribution of historical sources of lead in urban soils in Portland,Maine, USA

While the presence of lead in urban soils from residential lead paint and leaded gasoline is well documented, the relative contribution of lead from area historical industrial activities is not. This study examined the connection between historical industrial sources of lead in Portland, Maine, USA from 1860 to 1970 to current, spatial distributions of soil lead. Collecting 1859 surface and 122 sub-surface soil samples in accordance with USEPA's Lead Safe Yard Protocols, lead concentrations varied from 9 mg/kg to >100,000 mg/kg with most of the samples greater than USEPA's critical value for lead (400 mg/kg). Using historical documents, probable sources of lead were mapped. In comparing two datasets, no clear relationship emerged. Findings were hampered by inability to sample under large areas of impervious surfaces and private properties. Because of lead's immobility in soil, one would expect decreasing concentration with depth, but lead concentrations varied with depth and location. The haphazard dumping of lead-contaminated industrial waste and the relocation of contaminated fill are likely factors. These findings suggest that in urban areas where multiple historical sources of lead existed, surface sampling to determine presence of lead may not be sufficient to protect public health.     

Minimization of the environmental impact of chrome tanning: a new process with high chrome exhaustion

In all tanning technology operations wastes are generated. These reach the environment as residual waters, solid and liquid waste as well as atmospheric emissions and odours.

This study tests an alternative method to the traditional tanning method at an industrial level. The new method is based on tanning without float and by significantly increasing the temperature at the end of the tanning process. The properties of the leathers obtained using the two methods have been compared and the results indicate that those leathers have similar physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties. However, the differences existing from the environmental point of view are significant. It is not necessary to use clean water for this tanning. Moreover, there is a 75% reduction of the residual float, a 91% reduction of the chrome discharged, and a 94% reduction of the chlorides discharged. A financial assessment was carried out to demonstrate that the newly proposed system is 32% more economic than the traditional one.     

长沙市旅游-经济-生态系统耦合协调分析

长沙市作为旅游热门城市,近年来旅游产业蓬勃发展,经济发展迅速,而生态环境是旅游产业与区域经济发展的基石,只有旅游产业、区域经济与生态环境三者协调发展,才能实现绿色可持续发展。利用长沙市2007—2018年的数据,构建3个系统的综合评价指标体系,并分析了三者的耦合协调度,发现三者的发展状况和耦合协调度总体呈现逐年递增状态,近年来生态环境略滞后于区域经济发展,长沙市在发展经济的同时更应该注重对生态环境的保护。     

An empirical survey of the benefits of implementing pay for safety scheme (PFSS) in the Hong Kong construction industry

Introduction

The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) has implemented different safety initiatives to improve the safety performance of the construction industry over the past decades. The Pay for Safety Scheme (PFSS), which is one of the effective safety measures launched by the government in 1996, has been widely adopted in the public works contracts. Both the accident rate and fatality rate of public sector projects have decreased noticeably over this period.

Method

This paper aims to review the current state of application of PFSS in Hong Kong, and attempts to identify and analyze the perceived benefits of PFSS in construction via an industry-wide empirical questionnaire survey. A total of 145 project participants who have gained abundant handson experience with the PFSS construction projects were requested to complete a survey questionnaire to indicate the relative importance of those benefits identified in relation to PFSS. The perceived benefits were measured and ranked from the perspectives of the client and contractor for crosscomparison.

Results

The survey findings suggested the most significant benefits derived from adopting PFSS were: (a) Increased safety training; (b) Enhanced safety awareness; (c) Encouragement of developing safety management system; and (d) Improved safety commitment. A wider application of PFSS should be advocated so as to achieve better safety performance within the construction industry.

Impact on Industry

It is recommended that a similar scheme to the PFSS currently adopted in Hong Kong may be developed for implementation in other regions or countries for international comparisons.     

乡镇工业行业结构调整决策研究——以湖南省常德市为例

本文在专家咨询和层次分析的基础上,提出了常德市乡镇工业行业结构调整方案。将层次分析所得各行业优先权重与行业结构状态相耦合,不仅定性地提出了调整方向,而且定量地提出了调整幅度。     

长三角地区石油和化工行业上市公司绿色竞争力的实证研究

企业绿色竞争力是企业在“绿色化”的前提下，与对手相比的一种竞争优势。石油和化工行业是能源和资源的生产和消耗大户．也是众所周知的重污染行业．对石油和化工企业的绿色竞争力进行实证研究具有重要意义。本文以长三角地区的石油和化工行业上市公司为案例。构建基于DEA法的绿色竞争力评价模型．评估了它们的绿色竞争力。实证结果显示：长三角地区石油和化工企业的绿色竞争力还有待加强．在此基础上提出了石油和化工企业提高绿色竞争力的一些具体措施。