Data Sharing – a Case of Shared Databases and Community Use of On-Line GIS Support Systems

Data management is becoming increasingly simple and complex at the same time. The challenge is to effectively use the increasing number of tools available to manage increasing amounts of environmental information for purposes of data capture, analysis, display, sharing and storage. Government is no longer the main collector and provider of data. Community groups possess vast amounts of data collected through daily work of monitoring the environment in their local community. The chief concerns are data access, sharing, integrity and comparability. The capacity of groups to sustain data management is the key to making the sharing possible. The Southeast Environmental Association has been working with Environment Canada to develop a community, on-line database that will be linked to other geo-spatial data sets to allow instant access to geo-referenced data.     

Ecolinguistics,GIS, and Corpus Linguistics for the Analysis of the Rosemont Copper Mine Debate

This article details an integration of geographical information system (GIS) and corpus linguistics (CL) techniques for an ecolinguistic analysis of a contentious, environmental debate in Arizona, USA. The application of GIS and CL procedures enabled the mapping of place name mentions present within two interest group corpora as well as the mapping of particular meanings and representations of specific places prominent in the debate, that is, maps representing both places and the discursive representations of those places were produced. The corpus-aided analysis and the GIS visualizations exhibit how different interest groups refer to and represent geographical places within their texts and how these references to and representations of places index ideological positions towards the mine and the environment. This integrated CL–GIS approach to the study of environmental discourse provides insights into the discursive representation of place and the importance that references to places serve within environmental discourse. The article briefly discusses the ecolinguistics framework underpinning the work, explains the GIS–CL approach, displays and interprets corpus findings and GIS visualizations, and details implications for additional GIS–CL research for environmental discourse.     

Contamination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a typical marine aquaculture farm: source tracking of ARGs in reared aquatic organisms

Abstract

Although the prevalence and concentrations of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquaculture is receiving increasing scientific interest, there is little understanding of the direct sources and dissemination pathways of ARGs in marine aquaculture-reared organisms. This study investigated the dynamics of ARGs and the bacterial community throughout the rearing period in a typical marine aquaculture farm in South China. The results demonstrated that sul1 and qnrD were predominant in the sediment, and qnrD and qnrA were predominant in the intestinal tracts of shrimps. Network analysis showed that the chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, suspended solids, and total phosphorus were positively correlated with the predominant ARGs. The results of the network and source tracking analyses indicate that environmental factors and the bacterial community may drive the dissemination of ARGs dissemination in the environment and in shrimp reared by marine aquaculture, and sediment is the most direct and important medium in this dissemination. These results aid in improving our understanding of the sources, level, and dissemination of ARGs in marine aquaculture.     

国外化学品环境管理和技术支撑体系发展概况(上)

概述了国外化学品环境管理和技术支撑体系发展现状,分析了我国化学品环境管理和技术支撑体系与国外的差距,针对国内化学品环境管理对科技的需求,提出了需优先开展的科学研究领域和课题建议.     

The Accuracy of Mortality Reporting in Displaced Persons Camps During the Post-emergency Phase

For humanitarian organisations, accurate data are essential to identify emerging health problems and determine programme needs. We visited 45 post-emergency phase displaced persons camps and collected three months' mortality data which we compared with organisations' routine mortality reports. Organisations reported 612 deaths and we identified 741 deaths, for a mortality-reporting ratio, defined as the number of organisation-reported deaths divided by the number of investigator-identified deaths, of 83 per cent. For the majority of camps which under-reported deaths, mortality reporting ratios were significantly higher for women than men, and for camps with central mortality registers rather than those without. In the few camps which over-reported deaths, these occurred primarily among children younger than five years of age, probably due to the inclusion of abortions and stillbirths. Despite the overall under-reporting of deaths by humanitarian organisations, the existing health information systems appear to estimate mortality rates adequately in these post-emergency camps. However, organisations should improve the precision and completeness with which they report the characteristics of deaths in order to provide valuable data to target their programmes at the most vulnerable people.     

依据波动信息预报地震

从检讨现今地震预报问题入手 ,正视其不足 ,寻找新的可避免其不足的途径 ,提出了依据波动信息预报地震的概念。这里所说的波动信息是特指通过地球质点传播的各种波所固有并夹带的信息如地震波信息、电磁波信息、潮汐波信息等等。本文将波动和波谱的检测与分析研究归结为 3条 :1 用什么仪器、摆成什么阵势检测可用于地震预报的波动信息 ;2 如何分析这些检测到的波动信息并确定与地震孕育、发展、发生有关的信息参数 ;3 如何将有关信息参数形成地震预报判据或指标 ,预报未来地震的时空强三要素     

应用GIS提高地震分析预报能力

简要介绍了地理信息系统中的空间分析功能 ,并以一些实例展示了其在地震分析预报中可能的用途。研究表明 ,地理信息系统不仅可以对数据和图形进行编辑、显示、查询、分类 ,它还有地图距离分析、面分析、局部统计、邻域分析等等强大的空间分析功能 ,而将这些功能用到地震预报中 ,则有可能得到一些新的思路 ,提出新的方法 ,提高地震分析预报水平。     

中国与欧盟的航空安全信息分类法比较

为探讨中国和欧盟政府间进行航空安全信息交换的可行性,从中国和欧盟各自航空安全信息系统的信息结构和报告内容出发,对中国和欧盟的航空安全信息分类法进行比较。结果表明,两个分类法的信息结构是相同的,不同之处在于主题差异、部分差异和属性差异。笔者认为,虽然存在3种差异,但两个分类法都是基于国际民航组织航空安全信息分类法设计的,信息报告内容具有很大的相似性,因此,从信息内容上看,中欧进行航空安全信息交换是可行的。同时,对如何改进我国航空安全信息分类法提出了建议。     

基于Web文本的灾害信息挖掘研究进展

Web文本中蕴含着丰富的以自然语言描述的非结构灾害信息和知识。基于Web文本自动提取和构造结构化、综合性灾害信息,是灾害信息领域研究的前沿问题。目前国内外利用Web文本挖掘技术在灾时与灾后的应急响应与救援,灾害的早期预警和风险分析方面进行示范应用;同时在文本灾害信息的语义理解与抽取、文本灾害信息的时空匹配、以及文本灾害信息的不确定性和可靠性评价等关键技术领域迅速展开研究。我国应加强以Web文本为信息源的中文灾害信息挖掘关键技术、软件,以及管理体系的研究,以有效弥补灾害研究与管理过程中灾害数据共享困难,以及可利用的动态实时、综合性灾害数据缺乏的薄弱环节,提升灾害信息服务水平。     

遥感技术在城市建筑震害预测中的应用研究

长期以来,在城市的震害预测研究工作中,建筑物属性信息的主要获取方法是基于人工调查的传统方式。近年来,随着遥感技术的发展,尤其是高分辨率民用遥感卫星的成功发射,使得利用遥感技术进行城市震害预测成为可能。鉴于传统的信息获取方式存在的费时费力,数据获取周期长,数据信息时效性差等缺点,以郑州市中牟县的部分住宅区为例,对高分辨率遥感影像在城市震害预测中的应用做了相应研究。