利用AVHRR和MODIS数据测算海冰资源量——以渤海海冰资源测算为例

论文探讨了利用遥感数据测算海冰资源量的方法,提出了基于GIS技术和光谱特征的海冰信息分层提取法,并测算出2001-01-15的渤海海冰资源储量和可开采量分别为8.19×109m3和4×1010m3,表明渤海海冰作为淡水资源,其数量是相当可观的。论文认为,利用可见光、近红外和远红外波段对海冰资源量测算效果明显;MODIS数据在海冰资源量测算方面优于AVHRR数据。     

基于熵权物元可拓模型的黑河中游生态环境脆弱性评价

针对黑河中游生态环境特点,基于PSR模型,选取9项能反映其生态环境脆弱性而彼此之间相互独立的评价指标体系,采用物元可拓理论和熵权法构建生态环境脆弱性的综合评判模型,对黑河中游各地区生态环境脆弱性进行了评价.结果表明:民乐县和甘州区整体生态环境脆弱性相对较轻,嘉峪关市中等,肃州区、高台县和临泽县较重,山丹县最严重;各地区对不同评价指标的敏感程度也各不相同.评价结果符合当地实际情况.     

环境监测实验室信息管理系统的构建与实施

阐述了环境监测实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)的构建目标,介绍了系统的业务流程、总体设计及实施条件.提出建立环境监测LIMS系统,可提高分析数据的准确性和质量管理水平,全面提升实验室信息运转效率和管理水平,更好地为环境管理服务.     

中国省级环境信息系统设计

介绍覆盖２７个省的中国省级环境信息系统的总体设计、基本结构、主要内容,开发过程和特点,在环境信息资源管理战略规划和规范化研究的指导下,采用结构化生命周期思想同快速原型开发方法相结合的方式,开发了若干基础数据库,环境管理模块和决策支持模块,建成的系统基本达到技术先进、功能实用、设计规范、管理方便的要求,为进一步建设我国的环境信息网络打下了基础。     

基层环保部门环境信息公开存在的问题及对策

《环境信息公开办法(试行)》将从2008年5月1日起正式施行。对环境保护行政主管部门来说,公开环境信息,加强与公众的沟通,接受公众的监督,是当前进一步推进政府公共管理和服务职能转变的要求,是当前强化环境执法、提升环保部门管理水平的迫切需要。本文系统地分析了基层环保部门环境信息公开工作现状,针对实际工作中存在的问题,提出了解决对策。     

Assessing Watershed-Scale, Long-Term Hydrologic Impacts of Land-Use Change Using a GIS-NPS Model

Land-use change, dominated by an increase in urban/impervious areas, has a significant impact on water resources. This includes impacts on nonpoint source (NPS) pollution, which is the leading cause of degraded water quality in the United States. Traditional hydrologic models focus on estimating peak discharges and NPS pollution from high-magnitude, episodic storms and successfully address short-term, local-scale surface water management issues. However, runoff from small, low-frequency storms dominates long-term hydrologic impacts, and existing hydrologic models are usually of limited use in assessing the long-term impacts of land-use change. A long-term hydrologic impact assessment (L-THIA) model has been developed using the curve number (CN) method. Long-term climatic records are used in combination with soils and land-use information to calculate average annual runoff and NPS pollution at a watershed scale. The model is linked to a geographic information system (GIS) for convenient generation and management of model input and output data, and advanced visualization of model results. The L-THIA/NPS GIS model was applied to the Little Eagle Creek (LEC) watershed near Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Historical land-use scenarios for 1973, 1984, and 1991 were analyzed to track land-use change in the watershed and to assess impacts on annual average runoff and NPS pollution from the watershed and its five subbasins. For the entire watershed between 1973 and 1991, an 18% increase in urban or impervious areas resulted in an estimated 80% increase in annual average runoff volume and estimated increases of more than 50% in annual average loads for lead, copper, and zinc. Estimated nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) loads decreased by 15% mainly because of loss of agricultural areas. The L-THIA/NPS GIS model is a powerful tool for identifying environmentally sensitive areas in terms of NPS pollution potential and for evaluating alternative land use scenarios for NPS pollution management.     

Benefits of Collaborative Learning for Environmental Management: Applying the Integrated Systems for Knowledge Management Approach to Support Animal Pest Control

Resource management issues continually change over time in response to coevolving social, economic, and ecological systems. Under these conditions adaptive management, or “learning by doing,” offers an opportunity for more proactive and collaborative approaches to resolving environmental problems. In turn, this will require the implementation of learning-based extension approaches alongside more traditional linear technology transfer approaches within the area of environmental extension. In this paper the Integrated Systems for Knowledge Management (ISKM) approach is presented to illustrate how such learning-based approaches can be used to help communities develop, apply, and refine technical information within a larger context of shared understanding. To outline how this works in practice, we use a case study involving pest management. Particular attention is paid to the issues that emerge as a result of multiple stakeholder involvement within environmental problem situations. Finally, the potential role of the Internet in supporting and disseminating the experience gained through ongoing adaptive management processes is examined.     

林业资源多媒体信息管理系统的开发和应用

本文阐述了林业资源多媒体信息管理系统的开发环境、组织结构和功能．     

基于INTER网虚拟网络技术的物流企业信息化建设方案

物流企业的经济效益与信息化水平有着密切的关系。物流企业信息系统点多面广、结构复杂，如何有效利用信息资源是物流企业的重要问题。文章就物流信息环境，探讨了利用基于INTER网的虚拟网络技术开发信息资源，使物流企业能建立和健全适合行业特点的管理信息系统。     

浅谈深入信息化建设促进环境监测转型发展

信息化建设为提高环境监测工作效率,提升监测数据利用率和规范监测信息管理等起到了重要的作用,然而环境监测信息化发展过程中凸显的问题,严重制约了信息化的进一步发展,并且影响了信息化建设对环境监测转型发展的促进作用。文章分析了地市级环境监测信息化建设的现状及问题,并结合环境监测转型的发展要求,提出了环境监测信息化建设应以科学规划、整体布局为基础,严格遵循标准化要求,通过与各项监测业务有机融合和对数据深度挖掘和综合分析,从而不断提升监测能力建设,助推监测转型发展。