Unpacking the black box of cleaner technology

This paper scrutinizes the concept of cleaner technology, drawing on both a review of the literature and case study analysis of new data. By analysing the intentions behind innovations as separate from outcomes, a complex relationship between intentions and outcomes, as well as between different motives, is revealed. The paper argues that cleaner technology is not in fact a type of technology, that the concept obscures the role of underlying environmental motives and ambitions and that cleaner technology innovations do not necessarily deliver the economic gains they are normally understood to do.     

安全工程本科与研究生专业课创新教学中的对比分析与研究

从创新教育的基本理念出发,通过对安全工程专业本科与研究生专业课程的创新教学进行对比分析与研究认为:应对在安全工程专业课程教学中实施创新教育的必要性及可行性进行研究;根据安全工程专业学士和硕士的不同就业特点,结合笔者多年为本科生和研究生开设《防火与防爆》课程的教学实践,必须从激发学生创新意识、培养创新思维、提高创新能力等方面对专业课程教学进行改革和创新,并在教学内容和教学方式上应该有所侧重;实践表明在本科与研究生专业课教学中既要实施创新教育,在教学方式上又要有所不同,才能为社会培养不同层次的更多的优秀安全工程专业人才。     

Diffusion of Lead-free Soldering in Electronics Industry in China

The EU directives on e-waste management (WEEE and RoHS) have drawn the attention of electronics producers around the world to the environmental benign technologies in recent years. One of the technological challenges to the electronics manufacturers is the adoption of the lead-free soldering system. This article studies the diffusion of lead-free soldering technology among the electronics producers in China, and finds out the relevance of clusters for the diffusion of environmental benign technological innovation among firms. Four agents, as key promoters, were identified within the production network –leading global brand-name companies, the OEM companies who provide integrated manufacturing service, the suppliers of lead-free components, and specialized consultant companies. The conclusion is that industrial cluster facilitates communications among all agents for the diffusion of innovation, whereas, the incentives for firms within the cluster, to collaborate for innovation, comes from outside.     

地理邻近性与区域创新关系探讨

与“地理学已死”的认识相反．由于知识的特性和创新的背量依赖，在区域创新的研究中地理邻近得到重视。地理邻近在区域创新经济学中的位置与传统空间经济学中的位置一样．只是创新的促进因素．而不是决定性因素。空间经济学和创新经济学在目的上是一样的．但由于各自不同的经济决定变量导致了对地理邻近性的认识是不一样的。尝试从知识流动和集体学习视角，对一直被视为“黑箱”的地理邻近性的作用机理进行探讨。研究表明。地理邻近是“距离产生美”，太多或太少的地理邻近对集体学习和区域创新都是不利的。同时地理邻近性既不是区域创新的充分条件，也不是必要条件，它和其它类型的邻近相互促进．相互替代。ICIS的发展使传统空间经济学中地理邻近的重要性降低，ICIS更进一步发展同样会使区域创新经济学中的地理邻近性重要性降低，也许未来的虚拟经济的世界里真的不太需要物理世界的地理邻近。     

Leadership of scientists and engineers: A three‐vector model

Existing models have not adequately accounted for the leadership of scientists and engineers engaged in creative work. In this Incubator, we present a model of creative leadership of scientists and engineers and argue that such leaders should possess expertise in three vectors. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于城市创新的京津冀城市群资源整合探索

以京津冀城市群为研究对象,通过测度城市综合实力、构建城市创新体系,结合城市经济发展不一致指数,探究城市创新对城市群协调发展的效应。结果表明:①京津冀城市群创新能力差距大,高等级创新城市对周边区域的辐射带动作用不明显,其中北京市"虹吸效应"显著,天津市次之,河北省石家庄、保定、唐山科创能力在本省内较高。②城市群内部资源配置不均,城市间联系较弱,中心城市周边区域"岛、洞"现象明显。据此,提出京津冀城市群内部区域间资源整合的发展策略和区域协同发展的政策建议。     

创新实验教学模式,提升学生实践技能——基于南京大学“三三制”教改的环境生物学实验教学探索与实践

近年来,南京大学推动了"三三制"本科教学改革,为本科学生的培养提供3个阶段(大类培养、专业培养和多元培养)和3条个性化发展路径(专业学术类、复合交叉类、就业创业类)的新模式。为实现学校"三三制"教改的目标,南京大学环境生物学实验教学团队紧扣平台建设和实验环节,以创新实验教学模式为重点,以培养学生自主实验、自主探索能力为目标,融合"基础型实验—综合型(自主)实验—创新型(研究探索)实验",激发学生的实验兴趣,形成学生积极、主动开展实验的新模式,营造良好的实验教学氛围。结果表明,上述"三三制"环境生物学实验教改方案取得了良好的教学效果,提高了学生的创新意识和实践能力,为培养高素质的环境生物学科人才进行了有益的探索。     

Technological change and fisheries sustainability: The point of view of Adaptive Dynamics

The analysis of a simple model shows that exploitation of fish stocks can entrain in the long run the substantial decline or even the collapse of the stock, as well as difficulties in stock recovery, loss of fishery resilience, and reduction of the mean fish size. The results are in agreement with numerous observations, even though they are obtained with a simple model in which the harvesting fleet and the fish stock are considered as unstructured predator and prey. The study is carried out for the typical case of fleet dimension not too sensitive to the year-to-year fluctuations of the stock and assuming that the sole cause of evolution is technological innovation. The analysis is performed by means of Adaptive Dynamics, an approach born in theoretical biology which is used here in the context of technological change. Although the results are qualitatively consistent with those obtained long ago through the principles of bioeconomics, it is fair to stress that the underlying assumptions are different. In fact, in the bioeconomic approach fleet technology does not evolve and fishing effort varies to produce economic optimization, while in the Adaptive Dynamics approach technological innovation is the key driver. The paper is purely theoretical and the proposed model can hardly be tuned on any real fishery. No practical guidelines for managers can therefore be drawn, if not the general conclusion that long-term sustainability of exploited fish stocks can only be achieved if strategic parameters influencing technological change are kept under strict control.     

投入产出技术在城市环境总体规划中的应用研究

城市环境总体规划不但要统筹城市内部环境要素,还要理清城市主体与外部区域、城市内部产业部门间的关系,避免孤立、静态地看待一个城市。环境投入产出技术能够追朔城市产业部门的体现资源消耗与污染排放（直接与间接）,特别是能够建立城市与外部区域、城市内产业部门的耦合关系,并实现动态变化过程驱动的结构解析。北京市1987年-2007年结构解析显示：1987年-2007年间,需求规模和直接能耗强度是北京市能源消费总量变动的主要影响因素,但需求规模的扩张对能耗增长的正向促进影响效果日趋强劲,而能量消耗强度负向效应却日益减弱。     

Differential implications of team member promotive and prohibitive voice on innovation performance in research and development project teams: A dialectic perspective

How and when does team member voice facilitate team innovation? Integrating research on member voice and a dialectic perspective of innovation, we advance a model in which team member promotive voice enhances team innovation through team knowledge utilization, whereas team member prohibitive voice enhances team innovation through team reflexivity in a nonlinear fashion. We further propose that the differential effects of team member promotive and prohibitive voice will be stronger at different stages (idea generation vs. idea implementation) of the innovation cycle. Survey data from 78 research and development project teams showed a positive indirect effect between team member promotive voice and team innovation through team knowledge utilization, although this relationship was also mediated through team reflexivity. Moreover, the indirect effect of team member promotive voice on team innovation via team knowledge utilization was stronger for teams in the idea generation stage of team innovation. Results also confirmed a nonlinear indirect relationship between team member prohibitive voice and team innovation via team reflexivity such that the positive effects of team member prohibitive voice tapered off at high levels. Contrary to our expectations, the effects of prohibitive voice held regardless of stage. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.