辽河流域浑河沈阳段地表水重点控制有机污染物的筛选

采用美国环保局工业环境实验室提出的化学物质的“潜在危害指数法”,对辽河流域浑河沈阳段地表水和底质中检出的有机污染物的潜在危害进行了排序,参考国内外有毒化学品优先控制名单的筛选原则和方法,结合本流域的实际情况,制定出重点控制有机污染物的评分标准,提出辽河流域浑河沈阳段重点控制有机污染物名单。考虑到个别有机污染物在水中的浓度很低,但在底质中相对含量较高,所以将底质的检测结果也纳入评分标准。     

城市街道空气中铅污染及其对机体无机盐影响的研究

本文对兰州市不同交通路口铅污染现场监测及交警人群健康体检,结果表明各路口受汽车尾气污染严重,铅浓度在１．１６～２．６４μｇ／ｍ３之间。将１２０名交警分外勤警７０人作为污染组,内勤警及户藉警５０人作为对照组,调查结果尿中δ－氨基乙酰丙酸两组比较没有统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;污染组发铅、尿铅浓度均显著高于对照组,发锌、铜、钙及血中ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ均低于对照组,并具有统计学差异（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示街道空气铅污染对交警体内无机盐水平及机体免疫能力具有一定的影响。     

洹河水中痕量有机污染物的研究

采用固相萃取技术 ,对洹河水中痕量有机物进行富集 ,大量的地表水被 C1 8键合相萃取后 ,洗脱液经干燥浓缩用于 GC和 GC/MS分析 ,鉴定出 64种有机物 ,并对苯系物、杂环类等 2 7种主要污染物作了定量测定 ,得出有机物的沿途变化规律。     

夏秋季宁波市气态元素汞(GEM)污染特征及潜在源区贡献分析

气态元素汞(gaseous elemental mercury,GEM)是普遍存在于大气中的对生物体有害的重金属元素其化学性质稳定,在大气中停留时间长,可随气团长距离输送属于全球性污染物.本研究于2017年夏秋季对宁波市大气GEM、常规污染物和气象参数进行综合观测,研究沿海地区GEM受人为源和自然源共同作用下的迁移转化规律及潜在源贡献来源.结果表明:①观测期间大气GEM的平均质量浓度为(2.32±0.90) ng·m^-3,变化范围为0.97～10.95 ng·m^-3,且夏季低于秋季.②GEM、O₃和GOM在夏季、秋季、晴天和阴雨天的日内浓度变化表明,高浓度的O₃和强烈的光照可加速GEM发生光化学反应,GEM在晴天的光化学氧化强度高于阴雨天.③相关性分析表明,GEM与PM_2.5(R=0.65,P<0.01)、PM₁₀(R=0.47,P<0.01)、NO₂(R=0.46,P<0.01)和CO(R=0.57,P<0....     

天津市PM2.5中水溶性无机离子污染特征及来源分析

2008年1、4、7月和10月在天津大气层边界站,利用中流量采样器对大气中的细粒子进行了滤膜样品采集,应用离子色谱检测技术分析了8种水溶性无机离子(Na⁺、NH₄⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和Cl^-)的含量。结果表明,天津市大气PM_2.5中总水溶性无机离子平均浓度为47.3 μg/m³,其中,SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺和Cl^-是最主要的水溶性无机离子,占总离子质量分数共计87.3%,表明了天津市细粒子中的主要水溶性无机离子的特征。/2 平均比值接近1.0,显示硫酸氨是细粒子中硫酸盐的主要存在形式。NO₃^-/SO₄^2-浓度比的平均值为0.65,反映了燃煤污染与机动车尾气污染并存的复合型大气污染特征。并通过对PM_2.5中8个水溶性离子成分的主成分分析进一步揭示了其来源。     

INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER CORRELATED WITH DISEASE OCCURRENCE IN NEBRASKA1

ABSTRACT: Levels of nitrate and other inorganic contaminants in the drinking water of 453 Nebraska communities in 1986 were compared with health data for counties in which these communities were located. Data used included death rates per 100,000 population from heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, pneumonia and chronic lung disease, plus the rate of birth defects. Water samples from 42 communities exceeded the 0.01 mg/liter state and federal standards for selenium while 19 exceeded the 10 mg/liter NO₃-N standard. Statistical analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient method showed no significant relationship between nitrate or selenium and any of the health effects studied. Only barium, fluoride, and chromium were weakly but significantly (P<0.05) correlated to one or more of the health effects. Approximately one-third of the water samples high in NO₃-N also had high levels of selenium. In some communities, the presence of nitrate also signaled the presence of barium, chromium, or arsenic. Results appear to indicate no immediate health risks related to levels of nitrate, selenium, or other inorganic contaminants in Nebraska drinking water. However, this type of statistical analysis cannot be interpreted as proving or disproving a cause and effect relationship.     

计算机绘制大气污染物浓度分布等值线图

用计算机绘制大气污染物长期平均浓度分布等值线图，对在绘图过程中坐标系的建立，计算机间距的确定以及风向的加密等的处理方法作了讨论，并给出了绘图的基本步骤。     

Analysis of organic compounds in coal gasification wastewater

A procedure for analysis of organic pollutants in coal gasification wastewater was developed, including a series extraction steps at different pH, followed by LC separation or resin adsorption, then analyzed by GC or GC/MS. More than 200 organic pollutants in 22 categories were determined. CH2CL2 extraction at NaHCO3 presence was used to separate carboxylic acids with phenolic compounds in aqueous. Derivatization with acetic anhydride was used for analyses of mono-, di-, poly-hydroxyl phenolic compounds. 21 mono-hydroxyl phenols and 13 di-hydroxyl phenols were determined from the coai gasification wastewater samples. Derivatization with BF3-CH3OH was used for analysis of carboxylic acid. 17 mono-carboxyl, 4 di-carboxyl acids and 6 aromatic acids were determined from coal gasification wastewater samples.     

燃烧氧化—非分散性红外吸收法测定海水中的碳

采用日本岛津公司ＴＯＣ－５０００分析仪，用燃烧氧化－非分用性红外吸法测定海水中的总有机碳，无机碳的含量，实验相对标准偏差小于２．１２％，ＴＯＣ方法回收率为９９．９％－１０６％。准确度和精度都很高，且由于过程快速简便，氧化率高，方法实性强。     

超临界流体色谱分析有机污染物

概述了超临界流体色谱的进展，特点、原理及影响超临界流体色谱测定的主要因素。介绍了超临界流体色谱与其他测定仪器的联用技术。列举了该技术在分析环境样品中有机污染物的应用。如分析有机氯、有机磷和氨基酸酯及农药的残留组分，多环芳烃，芳香烃等化合物。