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991.
992.
993.
Il Won Seo 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(5):811-822
ABSTRACT: The non-Fickian nature of the longitudinal dispersion in natural channels during low flow has been investigated using both laboratory experiments and the numerical solution of the proposed mathematical model which is based on a set of mass balance equations describing the dispersion and mass exchange mechanisms. Laboratory experiments, which involved collection of channel geometry, hydraulic, and dye dispersion test data, were conducted to obtain sets of experimental data on a model of four pool and riffle sequences in a 161-ft long tilting flume in the Hydrosystems Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The experimental results indicate that flow over the model pool-riffle sequences is highly nonuniform. Concentration-time curves are significantly skewed with long tails. The mixing and dispersion in the laboratory channel was simulated using a numerical solution of the mathematical model in which the finite difference method developed by Stone and Brian (1963) was used as a solution technique. The comparison between measured and predicted concentration-time curves shows that there is a good level of agreement in the general shape, peak concentration, and time to peak. The proposed model shows significant improvement over the conventional Fickian model in predicting dispersion processes in natural channels under low flow conditions. 相似文献
994.
Chin Y. Kuo Kelly A. Cave G. V. Loganathan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(1):125-132
ABSTRACT: A “user-friendly” computer program has been developed for application in personal computers for preliminary design, evaluation, and cost effectiveness analysis of various best management practice (BMP) measures to control stormwater quantity and quality. The algorithms utilize the SCS TR-55 method for calculating runoff hydrographs for a single storm event and a first order pollutant washoff equation to generate pollutographs. Sensitivity analyses based on different policy scenarios is performed on a hypothetical watershed for the purpose of illustration. Three types of BMP measures, namely detention ponds (dry, wet, and extended wet ponds), infiltration trenches, and porous pavements are considered. It is found that the extended wet ponds have the best cost effective performance of the measures evaluated. 相似文献
995.
Harry I. Nightingale 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1987,23(2):197-205
ABSTRACT: The chemical impact of urban runoff water on water quality beneath five retention/recharge basins was investigated as part of the US EPA's Nationwide Urban Runoff Program in Fresno, California. Soil water percolating through alluvium soils and the ground water at the top of the water table were sampled with ceramic/Teflon vacuum water extractors at depths up to 26 m during the two-year investigation. Inorganic and organic pollutants are present in the runoff water delivered to the basins. No significant contamination of percolating soil water or ground water underlying any of the five retention/recharge basins has occurred for constituents monitored in the study. The oldest basins was constructed in 1962. The concentration of selected trace elements in the ground water samples was similar to the levels reported in the regional ground water. None of the pesticides or other organic priority pollutants, for which water samples were analyzed, was s̊ detected except diazinon which was found in trace amounts (0.3 μg/L or less) in only three soil water samples. These results are important to the continued conservation of storm water and the development of a best management practice for storm-water management using retention/recharge basins in a semi-arid climate. 相似文献
996.
The atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen on turf grassland in Tsukuba, central Japan, was investigated from July 2003
to December 2004. The target components were ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite ions for wet deposition and gaseous ammonia, nitric
and nitrous acids, and particulate ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite for dry deposition. Organic nitrogen was also evaluated
by subtracting the amount of inorganic nitrogen from total nitrogen. A wet-only sampler and filter holders were used to collect
precipitation and the atmospheric components, respectively. An inferential method was applied to calculate the dry deposition
velocity of gases and particles, which involved the effects of surface wetness and ammonia volatilization through stomata
on the dry deposition velocity. The mean fraction of the monthly wet to total deposition was different among chemical species;
37, 77, and 1% for ammoniacal, nitrate-, and nitrite-nitrogen, respectively. The annual deposition of inorganic nitrogen in
2004 was 47 and 48 mmol m−2 yr−1 for wet and dry deposition, respectively; 51% of atmospheric deposition was contributed by dry deposition. The annual wet
deposition in 2004 was 20, 27, and 0.07 mmol m−2 yr−1, and the annual dry deposition in 2004 was 35, 7.4, and 5.4 mmol m−2 yr−1 for ammoniacal, nitrate-, and nitrite-nitrogen, respectively. Ammoniacal nitrogen was the most important reactive nitrogen
because of its remarkable contribution to both wet and dry deposition. The median ratio of the organic nitrogen concentration
to total nitrogen was 9.8, 17, and 15% for precipitation, gases, and particles, respectively. 相似文献
997.
液相光催化降解有机污染物的研究与进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
光催化技术是一种处理液相有毒有机污染物的新型技术。对有机废水的光催化降解进行了研究,综合论述了影响光催化效率的各种因素,如晶粒尺寸、pH值、光照强度、外加氧化剂等。同时,对提高光催化效率的途径以及光催化反应器的设计因素进行了讨论。 相似文献
998.
Two media bed (gravel and Filtralite NR) were tested in a mesocosm to evaluate the removal of organic matter (as chemical oxygen demand (COD)),ammonia (NH4-N),nitrite,nitrate and solid matter (as total suspended solids (TSS)) for a synthetic wastewater (acetate-based) and a domestic wastewater.The use of Filtralite allowed average removal rates (6–16.8 g COD/(m2·day),0.8–1.1 g NH4-N/(m2·day) and 3.1 g TSS/(m2·day)) and removal effciencies (65%–93%,57%–85% and 78% for COD,NH4-N and TSS,respectively),higher than that observed in the experiments with gravel.The applied loads of COD,ammonia,nitrate and TSS seem to influence the respective removal rates but only for the treatment of domestic wastewater with higher correlation coefficients for Filtralite.Regardless the type of media bed and the type of wastewater,nitrate was completely removed for nitrogen loading rates up to 1.3 g NO3-N/(m2·day).There was no evidence of the influence of nitrate loads on the removal of organic matter. 相似文献
999.
Xiaodong Wang Boqiang Qin Guang Gao Yongping Wang Xiangming Tang Timothy Otten 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(10):1491-1499
To evaluate the response of phytoplankton from Lake Taihu to di erent types of nutrients, the phytoplankton responses were
measured after adding inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) or decomposed algal scum (Microcystis spp.) into the lake water.
Both types of nutrients promoted an increase in phytoplankton biomass as determined by chlorophyll a and algal wet weight. The
addition of decomposed algal scum resulted in a significantly greater phytoplankton response than the addition of inorganic N and P
alone. The dissolved inorganic N and P in the inorganic nutrient treatment were found not limit phytoplankton growth. The higher algal
biomass obtained in the treatment with decomposed algal scum indicated the importance of other organic nutrients besides N and P
such as trace elements, as well as the importance of the form of N since the levels of ammonia nitrogen (NH4
+-N) from the decomposed
algal treatment were actually higher than that of the inorganic N and P addition. Microcystis spp. (Cyanobacteria), Scenedesmus spp.
(Chlorophyta) and Synechocystis spp. (Cyanobacteria) were the dominant taxa in the control, inorganic N and P treatment, and the
decomposed algal scum treatment, respectively. Microcystis never bloomed in response to both types of nutrient additions indicating
that the bloom propagation is not solely related to nutrient additions, but may be related to the absence of selective grazing from
zooplankton. 相似文献
1000.
多环芳烃降解菌的筛选及其对芘的降解研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以焦化厂排水沟底泥为菌源驯化筛选出6株多环芳烃降解菌。实验结果表明:各菌对芘均有一定的降解能力,不同菌体表面疏水性不同,这种不同可以影响到反应初期菌株对芘的表观降解率,菌体的疏水性表面较亲水性表面对芘有更强的吸附性;保存的一组天然混合菌对芘降解率较低,没有表现出优于单个菌株的协同作用;多环芳烃降解菌在芘培养液中生长快慢和降解能力没有必然联系。对两株菌体表面疏水性相差较大的菌株在不同条件下的芘降解性能研究结果表明:2#菌降解芘的最佳温度是30℃,9#菌降解芘的最佳温度是40℃;Mn2+对2#降解芘有促进作用,对9#菌几乎无影响,Cu2+对各菌芘降解均有不同程度的抑制作用;外加葡萄糖对于2#菌和9#菌的芘降解有促进作用。 相似文献