Experimental evidence of a testosterone-induced shift from paternal to mating behaviour in a facultatively polygynous songbird

Previous studies have suggested that testosterone (T) profiles of male birds reflect a trade-off between mate attraction behaviours (requiring high T levels) and parental care activities (requiring low T levels). In this study, we experimentally elevated T levels of monogamous males in the facultatively polygynous European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), and compared mate attraction and paternal behaviour of T-treated males with those of controls (C-males). T-males significantly reduced their participation in incubation and fed nestlings significantly less often than C-males. Females paired to T-treated males did not compensate for their mate’s lower paternal effort. The observed reduction in a male’s investment in incubating the eggs was accompanied by an increased investment in typical female-attracting behaviours: T-males spent a significantly higher proportion of their time singing to attract additional females. They also occupied more additional nestboxes than C-males, although the differences just failed to be significant, and carried significantly more green nesting materials into an additional nestbox (a behaviour previously shown to serve a courtship function). T-males also behaved significantly more aggressively than C-males. During the nestling period, the frequency of mate-attracting behaviours by T-treated and control males no longer differed significantly. Despite the reduced paternal effort by T-males and the lack of compensation behaviour by females, hatching and breeding success did not differ significantly between T- and C-pairs. Received: 7 February 2000 / Revised: 10 August 2000 / Accepted: 3 September 2000     

黄地老虎NPV增效作用的研究

对黄地老虎核型多角体病毒（ＡｓＮＰＶ）的多角体蛋白和病毒粒子组分进行分离纯化,分别与棉铃虫核型多角体病毒（ＨａＮＰＶ）混合感染三龄棉铃虫幼虫,发现此二种组分均能够提高棉铃虫幼虫的死亡率,缩短半致死时间,降低半致死浓度。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ＥＬＩＳＡ）技术检验ＡｓＮＰＶ多角体蛋白和病毒粒子与粘虫颗粒体病毒增效因子（ＰｓＧＶ－ＳＦ）和ＨａＮＰＶ多角体蛋白的同源性,发现ＡｓＮＰＶ多角体蛋白和病毒粒子与     

‘A powerful alternative to Williams’ test with application to toxicological dose-response relationships of normally distributed data

The comparison of increasing doses of a treatment to a negative control is frequently part of toxicological studies. For normally distributed data Williams (1971, 1972) introduced a maximum likelihood test under total order restriction. But until now there seems to have been no solution for the arbitrary unbalanced case. According to the idea proposed by Robertson et al. (1988) we will apply in this article the basic concept of Williams on the class of multiple contrast tests for the general unbalanced parametric set-up. Simulation results for size and power and two examples for estimating the minimal toxic dose (MTD) are given.     

土壤矿物固定态铵研究进展

主要从土壤中粘土矿物组成、有机物质、土壤水分、Fe的氧化还原、钾素状况及土壤粘粒的不同层面电荷、净表面电荷、表面电荷均匀性等方面就土壤中固定态铵的固定机制及其对作物的有效性的影响进行了综述;并对近年来土壤中固定态铵的测定方法作一评述。     

重视城市污水集中处理投资,收费与运营市场化

本文深入研究了国外城市污水处理的成功经验。就城市污水处理市场化进程中,建立什么样的投资,收费与运营模式进行了讨论。     

长江沿江区域空间结构系统调控研究

长江沿江区域“点－轴－集聚区”空间结构等级系统主要由三级点型式、三级轴型式和三个集聚区组成,形成机制在于其开发条件,中心一边缘疚以及区位和政策因素等,相应的调控措施主要包括：（１）正确处理沿江轴线和三级轴线（省域主要轴线）之间的关系,扩大参与沿江开发开放的地域范围,构筑与沿江轴线相交的新一三级轴线,重点发展一、二级轴线的节点港口城市;（２）加快沿江综合交通运输网建设,特别是沿江铁路建设;（３）优化     

论可持续发展视野中的农村社会支持

本文阐述了如何可持续发展观来指导农村社会支持,并提出在农村社会支持活动中,引进社会保险、社会服务、生态保护和心理培育等新的机制,运用综合性评价指标体系对各种农村社会支持项目及其结果进行经济效益、社会效益和心理效益三个方面的分析。     

A study on the factor market distortion and the carbon emission scale effect of two-way FDI

Based on the data of 30 Chinese provinces for the period from 2004 to 2015, this paper expounds the carbon emissions effect of two-way foreign direct investment (FDI) from the perspective of scale effect and factor market distortions. This study uses Kaya identity to decompose carbon emission and construct simultaneous equations model to empirically examine the factor market distortion and the carbon emission scale effect of two-way FDI. The results show that the inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) increase regional carbon emission through scale effect and also exacerbates factor market distortion in China, whereas the outward FDI trends reduce carbon emission and reduces factor market distortions in China. The study also shows that human capital, research and development (R&D), trade openness, and capital accumulation are important determinants of two-way FDI. Therefore, the study proposes that IFDI policies should focus on acquiring green technologies. In addition, the domestic enterprises should be encouraged to participate in global business.     

Are national biodiversity strategies and action plans appropriate for building responsibilities for mainstreaming biodiversity across policy sectors? The case of Finland

The Convention on Biological Diversity's national biodiversity strategies and action plans (NBSAPs) are major mechanisms for mainstreaming biodiversity into national policies. This article examines whether and how the NBSAPs contribute to mainstreaming biodiversity across policy sectors in Finland in order to halt biodiversity loss. We have developed an innovative analytical framework where the concept of responsibility addresses how motivations for mainstreaming can be built, and the concept of social learning outcomes addresses the extent of institutional changes for biodiversity. The Finnish NBSAP processes have been able to build diverse forms of responsibility (liability, accountability, responsiveness and care) in different policy sectors by providing new knowledge, careful process design and developing institutional linkages. Despite pro-biodiversity outcomes in the targeted policy sectors, the responsibilities do not diffuse from the environmental administration to other policy sectors to a sufficient extent. Closing this ‘responsibility gap’ is a key challenge for building effective environmental policies.     

土压平衡矩形顶管施工引起的地表沉降规律研究

为了分析与掌握矩形顶管施工引起的地表沉降变形规律,提出基于MIDAS-GTS有限元软件的分析方法,首先,通过工程实例验证MIDAS-GTS有限元软件在分析顶管施工引起地表沉降变形的有效性;其次,通过影响因素的敏感性分析确定不同影响因素作用下的地表沉降变形特性,这些影响因素主要包括开挖面支护压力、侧摩阻力、地层结构特性等;最后,通过地表沉降变形特性分析得出矩形顶管的适用范围。研究结果表明:基于MIDAS-GTS有限元软件的地表沉降规律分析方法和结果,可为矩形顶管施工过程提供相关参考和借鉴。