Food production in the city: (re)negotiating land,food and property

This paper addresses issues of access to land for food production in Toronto by offering fresh perspectives on urban agriculture in the neo-liberal city of the global north. It examines attempts to scale up urban agriculture that emphasise changing the relationships between land access, property and new collaborative relationships among different stakeholders. These initiatives involve renegotiating access to land for growing food between private property owners and landless growers, concomitant shifts in control over valued resources and commercialisation. These shifts are often based on relations of trust within a sharing economy rather than public battles over political decisions to develop urban agriculture lands. Growing food on private lands in the city is political in challenging taken-for-granted ideas and practices of property and urban agriculture. New approaches offer options for training and income, as well as expanding the land base for urban agriculture. Small-scale farming projects are affirmative political manoeuvres. They challenge urban residents to consider land for food production across the categories of public and private property. We document three approaches that challenge current property relations: temporary use of a development site through “soft” squatting; redesignating suburban backyards for farmer training and community-based and private food production; and garden sharing of private home backyards for urban food production and commercial growing. Such initiatives articulate alternative visions of sustainability and food security that rely on principles of collaboration and a sharing economy that challenge prevailing notions of property ownership and food security.     

铜在壳核结构磁性颗粒上的吸附:效能与表面性质的关系

为了揭示吸附剂的吸附效能与其组成、结构及表面性质之间的关系,本研究对两种壳核结构磁性颗粒Fe_3O_4/Mn O2与Fe-Mn/Mn O2的形貌特征、表面性质进行了系统表征,并对铜在磁性颗粒表面的吸附行为与机制进行了详细研究.表征结果表明磁核Fe_3O_4与Fe-Mn具有相似的尖晶石类晶体结构,包覆Mn O2后,晶体结构均未发生明显变化.但Mn的引入,增强了磁核与外壳间的结合作用,Fe-Mn比Fe_3O_4包覆MnO_2的量更多、更均匀,进而使Fe-Mn/Mn O2具有更高的比表面积与更低的等电点.吸附实验结果表明,Fe-Mn的最大铜吸附容量33.7 mg·g-1(pH 5.5)高于Fe_3O_4的17.5 mg·g-1(pH 5.5);包覆MnO_2以后,铜吸附性能显著增强,Fe-Mn/MnO_2最大铜吸附容量升高至58.2 mg·g-1(p H 5.5),为Fe_3O_4/MnO_2的2.6倍,且优于多数文献报道的磁性吸附剂.机制研究表明铜在Fe_3O_4/Mn O2与Fe-Mn/MnO_2的表面发生了特性吸附,形成了内层表面络合物.综上所述,磁性颗粒的吸附效能与其组成成分、形貌结构及表面性质之间具有显著的相关性.     

磁性Fe3O4/石墨烯异质结固定漆酶特性及其对水中双酚A的降解研究

以磁性石墨烯为载体制备了磁性石墨烯固定化漆酶,考察了固定化漆酶的酶学特性及其对双酚A（BPA）的降解效能。结果表明,氧化石墨烯的比表面积高达726.34 m2·g-1,与游离漆酶相比,经过石墨烯固定化后漆酶对酸的适应能力、耐热性和贮存稳定性均有所提高,pH值2.0~4.0范围内固定化漆酶活性较为稳定;加入变性剂尿素（1 mol·L-1）后,固定化漆酶的相对活性为87%,游离漆酶相对活性仅为63.02%,固定化导致抗变性剂能力增强。固定化漆酶和游离漆酶活性分别在45和40℃时达到最大值。与游离漆酶相比,固定化漆酶最佳反应温度升高了5℃,且在50℃时,固定化漆酶的相对活性依然保持在95.11%;25℃,pH值4.0条件下保存10 d,固定化漆酶活性为最初活性的82.57%;固定化漆酶具有良好的重复利用性,重复利用10次后,漆酶活性仍为最初活性的82.01%。固定化酶的米氏常数Km为5.38×10-4 mol·L-1,较游离酶的大,说明固定化酶与底物的亲和力比游离酶小。磁性石墨烯固定化漆酶具有良好的吸附能力,可吸附-催化氧化水中的 BPA,且石墨烯良好的吸附作用促进了催化反应,水中BPA质量浓度为15 mg·L-1时,经过18 h反应,BPA的去除率能达到82.14%左右。本研究的结果为石墨烯新型材料固定化漆酶及其应用提供了参考。     

Study of gas-water properties under high temperature and pressure for water-soluble gas reservoirs

The physical properties of gas and water are important in usage of gas reservoirs with water and water-soluble gas reservoirs. According to the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Standards SY/T5542-2009 of the People's Republic of China, by applying the crude oil multistage degassing method from the “Test Method for Reservoir fluid Physical Properties” and the formation water high-pressure property testing method described in the “Theory and Application of Reservoir Fluid Phase”, this investigation employed a Ruska 2370–601A phase analyzer to obtain data regarding gas–water ratios, water volume factors, compressibility coefficients, and densities. The results showed curve trends with changes in the temperature and pressure. The gas–water ratio was compared to the gas content of subsurface samples from the X water-soluble gas reservoir, suggesting that these findings might help in the analysis of water-soluble gas reservoirs.     

污水处理厂脱水机操作运行研究

文章紧密结合污水处理厂脱水工艺中新型离心脱水机的应用实际,对Flottweg离心脱水机的结构原理、操作特点、工艺参数控制进行了阐述,通过对转鼓转速、差速、进料流量、絮凝剂投加量及种类、进料扭矩和液池深度等参数的选择,探讨了离心脱水机运行工况的优化,并对一些运行中所出现的问题进行了分析.此外,针对运行实例,在分析了污泥成份性质的基础上,对脱水机的综合控制与调整进行了研究,为离心脱水机最优化运行提供经验和参考.     

油田区土壤石油烃组分残留特性研究

为了揭示石油开采区土壤石油烃组成及残留特性,探讨石油污染物的来源与风化程度,采集了胜利油田孤岛和河口采油区共5口油井周边土壤样品及原油样品,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析原油及土壤样品中的链烷烃(正烷烃+姥鲛烷+植烷)及多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)共51种石油烃单体的含量.结果表明,与原油相比,油田区土壤总提取物中链烷烃与PAHs所占的比例明显偏低;土壤石油烃的组分构成与原油相比,链烷烃中碳数小于12的正烷烃比例明显降低,而高碳数正烷烃比例增加.选择正十八烷/植烷作为指示土壤风化程度的标志,利用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)法分析其与土壤中各石油烃组分的关系,结果显示碳数大于33的正烷烃与中环芳香烃具有高残留性.利用主成分分析综合分析用于土壤石油烃来源识别的4个指标,结果表明,土壤中的石油烃具有明显的原油"指纹".研究结果为油田土壤污染特性的认识提供了依据与基础.     

上海粘土流变性质及地面沉降问题初步研究（一）

报导了作者早先时候所做的有关上海地区粘土流变性质实验研究结果和地面沉降问题的初步分析,简要评述了当时已有的有关文献,介绍了试验方法,并指出了试验中有重要影响的问题,给出了一些详细的试验结果,发现瞬间塑性变形间性变形还大,不容忽视。     

Flood Risk Perceptions and Overdevelopment in the Floodplain1

ABSTRACT: There is a long standing hypothesis that overdevelopment has occurred in the nation's floodplains due to imperfect information about the potential flood hazard, an expectation of disaster relief and anticipation of future structural protection. This hypothesis is investigated with multiple regression analysis of data for a case study area. In particular the question of whether floodplain residential property values are fully discounted for expected flood damages is addressed by considering the impact of the National Flood Insurance Program on property values. The extent to which flooding risk perceptions are based on low cost information such as distance from and elevation above the river is also considered. Finally, implications for floodplain management policy are discussed.     

Economic and Ecological Transformation Processes in East German Water Management Regimes: The Role of Property Rights and Governance Structures

As in many fen land regions in East Germany, long-standing intensive arable farming—enabled by reclamation—has caused soil deterioration and high water runoff in the Schraden region. The more than ten years of economic and political transformation that followed the breakdown of the socialist regime has worsened the situation and even added new problems. The visible consequences are droughts in the summer, waterlogged plots in the spring, and worn-down water management facilities that operate in an uncoordinated or even unauthorized way. Given the local public-good character of some features of the fen land, the common-pool character of the ecosystems intermittently scarce resource water, and the conflicting interests of regional stakeholders, it is argued that the reallocation of property rights over reclamation systems, together with ineffective coordination mechanisms, have caused the physical and institutional failure of the water management system and so impeded appropriate land use. Note: This version was published online in June 2005 with the cover date of August 2004.     

网络域名与商标的法律纠纷

随着新技术的发展和计算机的广泛应用,知识产权领域出现了许多前所未有的新课题,域名的知识产权保护问题即是其中之一。对域名的含义、域名与商标的法律关系以及如何认定注册、使用域名等行为构成侵权或者不正当竞争等问题进行了分析。