进场垃圾的筛分特性试验研究及优化处理

通过深入现场的调查、实验研究，对深圳老虎坑环境园的进场垃圾进行物理成分及理化特性分析。测定了进场垃圾的容重、物理组成、含水率、发热值等基础数据，为废弃物的减量化、无害化与资源化提供了依据。特别是通过垃圾的筛分实验，提出了80mm、60mm的筛上物进垃圾焚烧厂的优化处理方案。     

Response of runoff and soil loss to reforestation and rainfall type in red soil region of southern China

To evaluate the long-term effects of reforestation types on soil erosion on degraded land, vegetation and soil properties under conventional sloping farmland (CSF) and three different reforestation types including a Pinus massoniana secondary forest (PSF), an Eucommia ulmoides artificial economic forest (EEF) and a natural succession type forest (NST), were investigated at runoff plot scale over a six-year period in a red soil region of southern China. One hundred and thirty erosive rainfall events generating runoff in plots were grouped into four rainfall types by means of K-mean clustering method. Erosive rainfall type I is the dominant rainfall type. The amount of runoff and the soil loss under erosive rainfall type III were the most, followed by rain-fall type II, IV and I. Compared with CSF treatment, reforestation treatments decreased the average annual runoff depth and the soil loss by 25.5%–61.8% and 93.9%– 96.2% during the study period respectively. Meanwhile, runoff depth at PSF and EEF treatments was significantly lower than that in NST treatment, but no significant difference existed in soil erosion modulus among the three reforestation treatments. This is mainly due to the improved vegetation properties (i.e., vegetation coverage, biomass of above- and below-ground and litter-fall mass) and soil properties (i.e., bulk density, total porosity, infiltration rate and organic carbon content) in the three reforestation treatments compared to CSF treatment. The PSF and EEF are recommended as the preferred reforestation types to control runoff and soil erosion in the red soil region of southern China, with the NST potentially being used as an important supplement.     

城市污泥的特性及管道输送技术研究

城市脱水污泥常见的处置方式是焚烧、燃烧发电、堆肥后土地化利用和填埋等。无论采用哪种无害化、资源化处置方法,输送环节都是必不可少的。城市污泥管道输送技术是以管道输送设备为核心,融合城市污泥的预处理和处置工艺的集成化系统。通过对城市污泥的流变特性和输送特性实验测试,其流变方程符合幂定律关系式;通过环管实验拟合出了污泥在管道中的阻力损失与输送距离和输送流量之间的关系,经验证,其理论计算和实际测定基本相符,证明管道输送方式能够成功地应用于城市污泥的远距离输送,为城市污泥管道输送系统的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

3株溶藻细菌溶藻特性的初步研究

对3株溶藻细菌L7、L8和L18溶解水华鱼腥藻(Anabaena flos-aquae FACHB-245)的溶藻方式、溶藻活性代谢产物的溶藻特性进行了研究。3株菌都为间接溶藻,产生具有热稳定性的、对水华鱼腥藻有较强溶藻效果的活性代谢产物。L8的溶藻效果与藻液中投加溶藻活性代谢产物的浓度呈正相关。处于衰减期的L8,其溶藻活性代谢产物的溶藻效果好于对数生长期和稳定期。在不同pH值条件下进行溶藻实验,当pH值为8.5±0.1时,L7溶藻活性代谢产物的去除率达到85.78%;当pH值为10±0.2时,L8和L18溶藻活性代谢产物的去除率分别达到92.84%和78.72%;由7×108cells/mL的L8菌液获得的无菌滤液,当投加量<30%时,对水华鱼腥藻的生长具有促进作用。     

城市小区雨水径流水质监测及特性分析

通过对上海理工大学校园区的不同下垫面产生的径流水质的监测,及其对污染主要影响因素与污染程度的分析表明,下垫面材料、降雨历时、降雨强度及降雨量等是小区雨水径流水质的重要影响因素。小区径流水质的主要污染为有机污染及悬浮固体污染,且有机污染指标COD、悬浮固体污染指标SS、浊度随径流历时的变化满足指数方程。     

Behavior toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans transferred to the progeny after exposure to sulfamethoxazole at environmentally relevant concentrations

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of the most common detected antibiotics in the environment. In order to study whether SMX can a ect behavior and growth and whether these e ects could be transferred to the progeny, Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed at environmentally relevant concentrations for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr, respectively. After exposure, the exposed parent generation (P0) was measured for behavior and growth indicators, which were presented as percentage of controls (POC). Then their corresponding unexposed progeny (F1) was separated and measured for the same indicators. The lowest POC for P0 after 96 hr-exposure at 100 mg/L were 37.8%, 12.7%, 45.8% and 70.1% for body bending frequency (BBF), reversal movement (RM), Omega turns (OT) and body length (BL), respectively. And F1 su ered defects with the lowest POC as 55.8%, 24.1%, 48.5% and 60.7% for BBF, RM, OT and BL, respectively. Defects in both P0 and F1 showed a time- and concentration-dependent fashion and behavior indicators showed better sensitivity than growth indicator. The observed e ects on F1 demonstrated the transferable properties of SMX. Defects of SMX at environmental concentrations suggested that it is necessary to perform further systematical studies on its ecological risk in actual conditions.     

环境监测中样品的两种编号方法

文章提供了两种样品的编号方法,即纯数字编号法和按样品属性编号法,很好地满足了环境监测对样品编号的要求,可供各级环境监测部门参考。     

高浓度氨氮废水的危害及主要治理技术

高浓度氨氮废水排放量大、成分复杂、毒性强,因此对环境的危害极大。本文从总结高浓度氨氮废水的来源和特性入手,分析高浓度氨氮废水的危害性,提出高浓度氨氮废水的主要治理技术。     

丁羟推进剂贮存老化的动态力学性能

采用动态热分析(DMA)方法研究了某丁羟推进剂贮存老化的动态力学性能,借助时间一温度叠加原理,获得时间位移与频率对数的关系曲线及WLF方程的常数,并计算得到固体火箭发动机点火瞬间的推进剂药柱的临界温度tc,并用tc数据预估了发动机点火瞬间推进剂药柱不会由高弹态向玻璃态转变,不会发生断裂与结构完整性破坏.     

我国不同区域地质环境城市地下水防污性能分布特征分析

以近几十年来积累的地下水化学和水文地质资料为基础,对我国城市地下水防污性能进行了综合评价,分析了我国不同区域地质环境城市地下水防污性能分布特征及其形成原因,并提出了针对不同地下水防污性能等级的防污建议。