我国自然旅游资源产权制度的建构——兼谈对湘西州的启示

产权制度激励和约束着自然旅游资源治理中相关利益主体的行为,决定其管理和利用的绩效。当前我国自然旅游资源的应有功能与价值不能有效实现,主要源于自然旅游资源产权制度存在诸多缺陷。为构建完善的自然旅游资源产权制度,有必要选择合理的产权模式,健全产权交易制度和完善产权保障制度。     

中国财产保险业巨灾损失赔付能力实证分析

商业保险是社会化巨灾风险分散机制的重要组成部分,要在中国现阶段巨灾事件频发的复杂环境中构建合理的损失分摊机制,不能不考虑以损失补偿为主要功能的财产保险业应对巨灾损失的能力。在Cummins、Doherty和Anita的保险赔付能力度量模型框架及改进后的损失对数正态分布假设下,引入1998～2008年中国财产保险业经营数据,对2009年初时点上在中国大陆经营财产保险业务的39家财产保险公司及全行业巨灾损失赔付能力进行了实证分析。结果显示,由于全行业资本与盈余的低水平以及再保险市场发展的严重滞后,在1 200亿到2 000亿元的损失区间内,中国财产保险业的赔付能力缺口在26.8亿到815.6亿元之间,且缺口增长速度大于损失增长速度。通过与2008年初的赔付能力实证分析结果对比发现,灾害频发的2008年客观上显著降低了中国财产保险行业应对极端损失的能力。度量结果从实证基础上昭示了政府大力扶持和参与巨灾保险体系建设的必要性和紧迫性。     

高强度Q460钢材高温力学性能试验研究

采用恒温拉伸法和振动法分别对国产高强度Q460钢材在高温下的强度和弹性模量进行了试验研究。根据试验结果对屈服强度、极限强度和弹性模量进行了拟合,得到了Q460钢材的力学性能指标随温度变化的函数表达式。将Q460钢的高温力学性能指标和普通结构钢进行了对比。研究结果表明:高强度Q460钢材的强度和弹性模量随温度的升高而降低;Q460钢材高温下的强度折减系数比普通钢低,同等条件下,Q460钢结构比普通钢结构具有较好的抗火性能。     

Residents＇ Attitude to Pay for Urban River Restoration： Empirical Evidence from Cities in Yangtze Delta

Public willingness to pay (WTP) for urban rivers res- toration was investigated in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou in China with a sample of 1,285. The factors influencing positive WTP against zero WTP ...     

Anti-oxidative property of crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice

Local residents who habitually consume cadmium-contaminated rice (Oryza sativa L.) can be exposed to cadmium toxicity in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand. This study aimed to investigate an alternative for utilizing cadmium-contaminated rice without compromising their health with hazard risks. First, cadmium (Cd) concentration in rice grain and crude rice oil was determined (0.203 ± 0.030 and 0.007 ± 0.002 mgCd/kg dry weight, respectively). Then crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice grain was studied for its anti-oxidative property using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging approach. Next, quantitative analysis of γ-oryzanol in crude rice oil was conducted. Results indicated that the level of cadmium concentration in the rice grain could cause adverse effects on human health. However, the amount of cadmium in the crude rice oil was safe for consumption. In crude rice oil anti-oxidative property, crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05). The concentration of γ-oryzanol in crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice was significantly higher than that in the control crude rice oil (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates an alternative way to use the rice grown in cadmium-contaminated areas for crude rice oil production for its anti-oxidative properties.     

微波活化煤矸石反应活性及胶凝性能

研究了微波辐照对煤矸石反应活性及胶凝性能影响,通过XRD、IR等表征手段,分析了微波辐照煤矸石和煤矸石水泥的微观结构,结果表明,煤矸石经微波辐照可脱去煤矸石中的自由水和其矿物的结构水,并破坏了煤矸石矿物中牢固的Si—O和Al—O键结构,提高了SiO2、Al2O3的可溶性,提高煤矸石的反应活性和胶凝性能.煤矸石微波辐照的时间在8 min较为适宜,以30％煤矸石替代水泥时,经8 min微波辐照煤矸石的水泥净浆体28 d抗压强度为47.6 MPa,比原煤矸石的水泥净浆体高23.2 MPa.     

Variation of reservoir fluid property during the high pressure air injection process

This research aimed at determining the variation of reservoir fluid property during the high-pressure air injection process. For this purpose, the forward multiple contact experiment was employed by pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) system to investigate the physical property variation of the crude oil and the complex oxidation reactions. The results show: under the relative low temperature and pressure condition, instead of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide dominates the products in the air phase. The gas/oil ratio and volume ratio increased due to the generated gas while the viscosity and density achieved a descending trend. The colloid and bitumen in the oil phase reduced by half but the amount of wax achieved a small increase. The low-temperature oxidation and pyrolysis reactions caused the fluctuated change of the different compounds. The amount of light compounds decreased at the beginning and then increased while that of heavy compounds showed the opposite trend. But at last, due to the H/C ratio, the light compounds increased to more than their initial value.     

特高压电场下RTV绝缘子积污规律研究

RTV涂料表面特性与瓷、玻璃表面不同,积污的规律存在差异,对涂覆RTV涂料的特高压线路进行绝缘子积污规律的研究,有助于更好地开展特高压输电线路防污闪工作。通过仿真研究,分析了特高压输电线路电场的分布,并以四支±800 k V线路带电运行的绝缘子进行积污规律的研究,通过分别测试绝缘子上下表面的等值盐密(ESDD)、灰密(NSDD),分析了特高压RTV绝缘子的积污规律。研究发现电场影响RTV绝缘子的积污,电场强度大的位置污秽度高一些,自然环境和涂料自洁性对特高压电场下RTV绝缘子的积污其主要作用,风吹和雨水清洗对积污量的影响更大。     

水资源权属管理改革形势下水权确权登记制度研究

水资源作为一种公共资源,由于其产权制度的不明晰,导致水资源的利用效率低下,污染和浪费现象严重,水环境形势严峻,水资源权属管理制度亟需改革。水资源权属管理应该重点关注水资源的使用权,包括取水权、农村集体经济组织水使用权、少量用水权和应急用水权。水资源确权登记是水资源权属管理改革中的基础和根本环节。文章通过演化博弈模型构建用水户之间的复制动态和进化稳定策略,论证建立水资源确权登记制度的理论支撑,结果表明一个区域内取水量越小,采取超额取水策略的用水户比例越大,当采取超额取水策略的用水户比例较高时,区域内各个用水户的期望收益和整体期望收益都较低,极易造成水资源使用过程中的用水矛盾冲突,而用水户采取限额取水策略能够增加总体的期望收益。本文明确了水资源产权确权与登记制度的主要含义,重点研究了水资源确权登记的范围包括取水权和农村集体经济组织水使用权,并在此基础上明确了取水权和用水权的确权主体和确权内容、水权确权登记的机关、确权和登记的具体程序,提出水资源确权在整个确权登记过程处于主导地位,而登记是取水权交易的前提条件,在此基础上提出对当前取水许可制度进行改革,按照产权制度的要求,强化水权的权属管理和水权的法律保护。据此,本文提出中央机构应与地方政府相互配合,明确分工,密切结合实际,做好水资源确权登记工作,改善水资源权属管理混乱的现状,加快水资源权属管理改革。     

城市污泥的特性及管道输送技术研究

城市脱水污泥常见的处置方式是焚烧、燃烧发电、堆肥后土地化利用和填埋等.无论采用哪种无害化、资源化处置方法,输送环节都是必不可少的.城市污泥管道输送技术是以管道输送设备为核心,融合城市污泥的预处理和处置工艺的集成化系统.通过对城市污泥的流变特性和输送特性实验测试,其流变方程符合幂定律关系式;通过环管实验拟合出了污泥在管道中的阻力损失与输送距离和输送流量之间的关系,经验证,其理论计算和实际测定基本相符,证明管道输送方式能够成功地应用于城市污泥的远距离输送,为城市污泥管道输送系统的优化设计提供了理论依据.