循环经济建设中物质流分析的研究现状与进展

循环经济建设规划的首要任务是对系统进行物质流分析.按照系统的边界不同,物质流分析的研究通常分为3个层面--国家、区域及企业.在综合评述物质流分析研究现状的基础上,针对现有的不足,提出了今后的研究重点:①建立统一的计算方法,对物质流账户指标用生命周期评价进行修正;②对高资源消耗量和环境污染严重的重点行业企业的物质流进行分析研究; ③对国民经济发展非常重要的战略性资源,以及对环境危害较大物质的物质流开展研究工作.     

循环经济发展中的物质代谢分析

介绍了循环经济发展过程中物质代谢系统边界的确定、代谢主体的认定、物质流的组成,分析了单位产值物质需求量、人均物质消耗强度和物质生产力等物质代谢效率的评价指标,探讨了物质代谢调控对象和手段,提出了当前循环经济理论研究应该从物质代谢入手,从产品的整个生命周期来研究经济系统与生态环境之间的物质流动规律,以形成闭合的物料循环系统。     

异质性环境规制与高新技术企业共聚交互因果关系研究——基于多空间收敛交叉映射技术

异质性环境规制与高新技术企业共聚之间存在复杂而紧密的交互因果关系,如何加快两者融合发展,构建区域经济环境协调优势值得进一步研究。本文利用大数据分析方法,基于国内2011—2019年异质性环境规制与高新技术企业共聚的省域面板数据,采用多空间收敛交叉映射模型,在区域间高新技术企业共聚水平测度基础上,从“被共聚”和“向共聚”两个维度实证检验了高新技术企业共聚与不同类型环境规制间的交互因果关系。研究结果表明,不同类型环境规制与高新技术企业共聚之间存在的耦合关系各不相同,其中,命令控制型环境规制一方面受高新技术企业“向共聚”带来的促进作用,另一方面又将促进高新技术企业“被共聚”水平提升,且后者的影响程度略高于前者,存在显著双向因果关系;而市场激励型环境规制仅受高新技术企业“向共聚”的正向促进作用,存在显著单向因果关系;但公众参与型环境规制与高新技术企业共聚两者间不存在相互影响,无显著因果关系。本文聚焦异质性环境规制与高新技术企业共聚间的良性互动,为客观评价高新技术企业共聚微观绩效提供经验证据,为进一步在开放中实现经济与环境协同发展提供有益的政策启示。     

安全生产规划体系框架探讨

阐述了建立安全生产规划体系的必要性,探讨了安全生产规划的定义、研究对象、目的和内容,指出安全生产规划是为使安全生产与经济社会协调发展而预先对未来一段时间内各项安全生产工作所做的时间和空间的合理安排,具有整体性、综合性、动态性、前瞻性、信息密集和政策性强等特征。同时设计了"四级、三层"的安全生产规划体系,即在行政层级上分为国家级、省级、市级和县级四个层级,在协调作用上分为宏观指导层、项目布局层和方案实施层三个层次。国家安全生产规划从宏观上对全国安全生产工作做出谋划与部署,省级安全生产规划要接受国家安全生产规划宏观指导性的引导和要求,并结合各地实际进行项目布局,同时借助专项规划分解内容,制定市、县级规划实施方案。     

协作网络在跨区域灭火应急救援中的应用研究

为有效解决跨区域灭火应急救援工作中统一指挥难、行动协调难、资源调配难和协同效应难等问题,基于网络在跨区域管理工作中的重要性以及协同原理理论,提出跨区域灭火应急救援协作网络的概念,并分析跨区域灭火应急救援协作网络在跨区域灭火应急救援工作中的功能与作用,最后提出了跨区域灭火应急救援协作网络的结构框架及运行机制。结果表明:协作网络与跨区域灭火应急救援工作相结合具有重要意义,今后的工作重点应是研究构建跨区域灭火应急救援协作网络的影响因素、可行性、实用性以及相关配套设施和宏观运行环境等。     

Recovery from work‐related effort: A meta‐analysis

This meta‐analytic study examines the antecedents and outcomes of four recovery experiences: psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control. Using 299 effect sizes from 54 independent samples (N = 26,592), we extend theory by integrating recovery experiences into the challenge–hindrance framework, creating a more comprehensive understanding of how both after‐work recovery and work characteristics collectively relate to well‐being. The results of meta‐analytic path estimates indicate that challenge demands have stronger negative relationships with psychological detachment, relaxation, and control recovery experiences than hindrance demands, and job resources have positive relationships with relaxation, mastery, and control recovery experiences. Psychological detachment after work has a stronger negative relationship with fatigue than relaxation or control experiences, whereas control experiences after work have a stronger positive relationship with vigor than detachment or relaxation experiences. Additionally, a temporally driven model with recovery experiences as a partial mediator explains up to 62% more variance in outcomes (ΔR² = .12) beyond work characteristics models, implying that both work characteristics and after‐work recovery play an important role in determining employee well‐being.     

Indicators for managing biosolids in Ireland

Sustainable development indicators (SDIs) have emerged as a tool to measure progress towards sustainable development for a number of fields. However, no indicator initiative to date has been aimed at biosolids management at local authority, regional or national levels. This paper presents a study where stakeholders involved in the management of biosolids in Ireland participated in the development of SDIs for managing biosolids at the local/regional level. A significant 81% of participating stakeholders find SDIs either 'useful' or 'very useful' as a tool for managing biosolids. A suite of 22 indicators has been developed and arranged according to the driving force-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) indicator framework. The indicators address all the domains of biosolids management namely, production, quality, cost, legislation/regulation, training/research and recycling/disposal. The stakeholder approach is recognition that no effective indicator set can be developed without the input of stakeholders.     

Nitrogen Flow Analysis in Huizhou, South China

Eutrophication due to uncontrolled discharges of nitrogen and phosphorus has become a serious pollution problem in many Chinese rivers. This article analyzes the nitrogen flow in Huizhou City in the East River watershed in south China. The material accounting method was applied to investigate the nitrogen flows related to human activities, which consist of the natural and anthropogenic systems. In Huizhou City, the nonpoint source pollution was quantified by the export coefficient method and the domestic discharge was estimated as the product of per capita nitrogen contribution and population. This research was conducted based on statistical information and field data from 1998 in the Huizhou City. The results indicated that the major nitrogen flows in this area were river loads, fertilizer and feedstuff imports, atmospheric deposition, animal manure volatilization, and processes related to burning and other emissions. In 1998, about 40% of the nitrogen was retained in the system and could result in potential environmental problems. Nitrogen export was mainly by rivers, which account for about 57% of the total nitrogen exported. Comparisons made between the East River and the Danube and Yangtze Rivers show that the unit area nitrogen export was of the same magnitude and the per capita nitrogen export was comparable.     

Greenhouse gas emissions along the rural-urban gradient

This paper investigates how land use relates to greenhouse gas emissions, using data sources that are readily available to municipal planners. It presents a causal framework linking settlement patterns to greenhouse gas emissions via landscape impacts (deforestation, carbon sequestration by soils and plants, urban heat island), infrastructure impacts (transportation-related emissions, waste management-related emissions, electric transmission and distribution losses) and buildings (residential, commercial). This is not a full accounting because it does not include impacts from industrial activities, agriculture and consumer behavior not related to land use, such as food consumption and air travel. Exploratory case studies of municipalities lying along a gradient of increasing population density suggest that per-capita carbon dioxide emissions vary widely, following an inverted ‘U’ shape, with post-war suburbs riding the pinnacle. Reflecting their central regional roles, municipalities with good jobs-to-housing ratios have higher per-capita emissions because they host both residential and commercial buildings. Buildings typically contribute more emissions than personal transportation. Vehicle-miles traveled per capita shrink most dramatically at very high population densities and where transit options exist. Changing land-use patterns is a political challenge because localism and outdated zoning ordinances subvert regional solutions. Technical fixes, especially green buildings, must be part of the solution.     

基于农用地分等成果的产能核算——以湖南、河南、黑龙江为例

研究目的:分析农用地质量与粮食生产能力之间的关系。研究方法:主要应用样点的标准粮产量与土地利用等别指数进行回归分析,根据回归分析所得的线性关系推算出3省的粮食总产量。研究结论:通过农用地分等成果进行产能核算具有一定的科学性,可在已经进行农用地分等的省份进行推广应用。