基于ArcGIS Server ADF的流域水环境专题图研究

专题地图是流域水环境信息的良好表达形式和信息载体,文章运用地理信息系统二次开发软件-ArcGIS Server ADF研究并实现水环境专题图展示功能。通过流域水环境信息专题地图可以表达水环境监测评价结果,能将水环境质量的空间规律直观显示,实现水环境质量评价信息的可视化,并表示其动态变化和发展趋势,揭示发展规律,以供有关专家、决策者获取各类重要信息,进行环保政策的研究分析和决策。     

基于C#与Surfer Automation完成大气污染扩散等值线自动化生成

等值线图绘制是大气扩散研究工作中的一项重要内容。基于C#编程技术,通过Surfer Active X Automation接口技术,在程序中实现了对Surfer等值线图绘制各方法和属性的调用,完成了等值线图的程序化批量绘制,并应用此技术实现了大气污染扩散的动态演示。该技术的运用使得大批量规格化绘制等值线图、向量图等变得简单易行,有助于提高研究人员的工作效率。     

广州市道路交通噪声地图的绘制

基于速度-密度关系模型,由浮动车速推算出广州市路网的交通流量,并从地理信息系统(GIS)加载道路及建筑物的属性信息作为噪声计算的输入参数;然后结合单车辆噪声排放模型及噪声传播扩散的基本原理,考虑城市建筑物群对交通噪声的遮挡衰减,建立了城市尺度的交通噪声计算模型,计算出了广州市的交通噪声值,并绘制出了广州市的交通噪声地图,结果可为广州市交通噪声污染的控制提供科学参考依据。     

基于大比例尺地形图的抗震规划工作底图缩编研究

工作底图的编制是开展抗震规划的基础工作之一,好的工作底图不仅能突出抗震规划专题信息,更有利于规划成果的应用。本文以1∶5 000地形图缩编成1∶5万抗震规划工作底图为例,分析了规划底图缩编过程中存在的问题,探索了基于AutoCAD、南方Cass软件以及Arcgis的缩编方法,从而有效提高抗震规划的工作效率。     

海洋生态系统健康评价软件的研制与应用

基于我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项课题构建的生态系统健康评价指标体系和评价模式,应用数据库技术及面向对象的信息系统开发技术,研制了海洋生态系统健康评价软件,实现了评价过程的信息化、规范化、科学化。根据908专项调查数据,用该软件评价了我国近岸海域、近海海域及重点海域生态系统健康状况,制作了评价专题图,为海洋生态管理及决策支持提供重要的依据。     

The road map for green development of Western China

China has made some remarkable achievements in sustainable development,but the constant deterioration of the overall trend of the environment has not yet been effectively curbed.To achieve the goal of sustainable development,we must first ensure coordination and coherence of national development goals in different areas and adhere to green development road.To achieve the objectives related to green development,and to clarify the direction of green development in the next 20years,a road map is needed to guide and coordinate the process.This paper describes the concept of the green development road map,introduces a green development road map for the western region,and further elaborates it The road map clarifies the objectives and guiding principles of green development in the western region,points the areas that deserve more concern and institutional innovation,and builds a green development monitoring and evaluation(M&E)framework.Finally,the paper provides corresponding policy recommendations based on the established road map.     

辽宁省煤矿瓦斯赋存构造控制规律与瓦斯分带划分

瓦斯赋存规律认识不清,是导致煤矿瓦斯突出灾害频发的根本原因。应用瓦斯赋存地质构造逐级控制理论,结合辽宁省煤矿瓦斯地质图编制资料,分析了全省瓦斯赋存构造控制规律,进行了瓦斯分带划分。研究结果表明:印支运动(主幕),在形成一系列EW向、NE向和NW向断裂褶皱带过程中,煤体破坏,形成构造煤。燕山运动,形成了一系列NNE向、NE向的褶皱和逆冲推覆构造,与EW向构造相叠加,构造应力集中,有利于瓦斯突出;同时,岩浆侵入煤系地层使煤变质程度增高,生烃能力增强。喜马拉雅运动时期,挤压作用逐步被拉张取代,拉张裂隙作用有利于瓦斯部分释放。将辽宁省煤矿瓦斯赋存分布划分4个高突瓦斯带,即阜新-铁岭高突瓦斯带、抚顺-沈北高突瓦斯带、北票-南票高突瓦斯带和红阳-本溪高突瓦斯带。     

Global protected-area coverage and human pressure on tidal flats

Tidal flats are a globally distributed coastal ecosystem important for supporting biodiversity and ecosystem services. Local to continental-scale studies have documented rapid loss of tidal habitat driven by human impacts, but assessments of progress in their conservation are lacking. With an internally consistent estimate of distribution and change, based on Landsat satellite imagery, now available for the world's tidal flats, we examined tidal flat representation in protected areas (PAs) and human pressure on tidal flats. We determined tidal flat representation and its net change in PAs by spatially overlaying tidal flat maps with the World Database of Protected Areas. Similarly, we overlaid the most recent distribution map of tidal flats (2014–2016) with the human modification map (HM_c) (range from 0, no human pressure, to 1, very high human pressure) to estimate the human pressure exerted on this ecosystem. Sixty-eight percent of the current extent of tidal flats is subject to moderate to very high human pressure (HM_c > 0.1), but 31% of tidal flat extent occurred in PAs, far exceeding PA coverage of the marine (6%) and terrestrial (13%) realms. Net change of tidal flat extent inside PAs was similar to tidal flat net change outside PAs from 1999 to 2016. Substantial shortfalls in protection of tidal flats occurred across Asia, where large intertidal extents coincided with high to very high human pressure (HM_c > 0.4–1.0) and net tidal flat losses up to 86.4 km² (95% CI 83.9–89.0) occurred inside individual PAs in the study period. Taken together, our results show substantial progress in PA designation for tidal flats globally, but that PA status alone does not prevent all habitat loss. Safeguarding the world's tidal flats will thus require deeper understanding of the factors that govern their dynamics and effective policy that promotes holistic coastal and catchment management strategies.     

A multicriteria approach for mapping risks of agricultural pollution for water resources: The Venice Lagoon watershed case study

A multicriteria analysis system was developed for producing risk maps of agricultural pollution due to alternative cultivation systems in the Watershed of the Lagoon of Venice (WLV) in Italy. Results of a field-scale simulation model for agricultural diffuse pollution were used to compile a matrix of environmental impacts, in terms of pollution indices. The most widespread combinations of typical environments (as defined by combinations of soil and climate variables) and alternative land uses (types of crops and cultivation systems) were described in the impact matrix. Land use in terms of crop distribution was based on census data. Two alternative cultivation systems were defined on the basis of the recent changes to the European Common Agricultural Policy: ordinary and eco-compatible. The effects of alternative scenarios were evaluated in terms of pollution risks for water resources. The evaluation procedure was built into the framework of a geographical information system to take into account the spatial features of pollution phenomena, vulnerability of the land and risk for water resources. The results demonstrated the great potential of eco-compatible practices for reducing the risks for surface and groundwater (−15 and −50%, respectively).