水解酸化-接触氧化-混凝气浮工艺处理印染废水

采用水解酸化－接触氧化－混凝气浮组合工艺改造某印染废水处理工程,实践证明,该工艺具有处理效果好、出水水质稳定、操作管理方便、能耗低等优点,是处理该类印染废水的有效方法之一。     

浅谈格栅-高效浅层气浮-消解酸化-生化曝气工艺在处理高浓度酱厂废水中的应用

采用格栅一旋转固液分离一高效浅层气浮一消解酸化一生化曝气工艺处理高浓度酱厂废水,设计规模为1000 m['3]/h,总排口水质为:pH=7.05、COD<,cr>=71.6mg/L、SS=38mg/L、NH<,3>一N=1mg/L.     

铁炭曝气微电解对炸药废水的试验研究

采用铁炭曝气微电解对炸药废水进行预处理,处理结果表明:当炸药废水调节pH值为2,反应时间2h,物质A投加量2g/L,铁屑与活性炭体积比为1∶1时,进水TOC为2600mg/L,COD为2500mg/L,NH3-N为190mg/L,出水TOC为250mg/L,COD为400mg/L,NH3-N为20mg/L,去除率分别为90.5%、82%和89.6%,BOD5/COD由0.16提高到0.38。     

Allocation of supplementary aeration stations in the Chicago waterway system for dissolved oxygen improvement

The Chicago Waterway System (CWS), used mainly for commercial and recreational navigation and for urban drainage, is a 122.8 km branching network of navigable waterways controlled by hydraulic structures. The CWS receives pollutant loads from 3 of the largest wastewater treatment plants in the world, nearly 240 gravity Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO), 3 CSO pumping stations, direct diversions from Lake Michigan, and eleven tributary streams or drainage areas. Even though treatment plant effluent concentrations meet the applicable standards and most reaches of the CWS meet the applicable water quality standards, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) standards are not met in the CWS during some periods. A Use Attainability Analysis was initiated to evaluate what water quality standards can be achieved in the CWS. The UAA team identified several DO improvement alternatives including new supplementary aeration stations. Because of the dynamic nature of the CWS, the DUFLOW model that is capable of simulating hydraulics and water quality processes under unsteady-flow conditions was used to evaluate the effectiveness of new supplementary aeration stations. This paper details the use of the DUFLOW model to size and locate supplementary aeration stations. In order to determine the size and location of supplemental aeration stations, 90% compliance with a 5 mg/l DO standard was used as a planning target. The simulations showed that a total of four new supplementary aeration stations with oxygen supply capacities ranging from 30 to 80 g/s would be sufficient to meet the proposed target DO concentration for the North Branch and South Branch of the Chicago River. There are several aeration technologies, two of which are already being used in the CWS, available and the UAA team determined that the total capital costs of the alternatives range from $35.5 to $89.9 million with annual operations and maintenance costs ranging from $554,000 to $2.14 million. Supplemental aeration stations have been shown to be a potentially effective means to improve DO concentrations in the CWS and will be included in developing an integrated strategy for improving water quality in the CWS.     

流体自控振荡的机理及其对水环境维护的有益功能

从真实流体所具粘滞耗散特性出发,以数学解析法严谨地论证了淹没射流因沿程能量通量渐减,加以其动量通量沿程守恒,故其质量通量必然沿程递增,从而衍生出射流卷吸及附壁效应,于是,在专门设计的腔体中就会发生流控振荡现象.发生流控振荡的腔体的两个出口会交替地输出两股非共面动量通量射束并在其后形成顺流螺旋涡,在绕水平轴旋涡的流场中,重于水的沙粒将获得附加的悬浮功增量,而轻于水的气泡或藻菌团的上浮行动将受阻碍.前者会加大河流的挟沙能力,后者的影响将导致水藻所赖以滋长的光合能量锐减而枯萎,从而改善水质.     

开放体系下产酸白腐菌连续处理造纸黑液研究

研究了产酸白腐菌CoriolusSp.S1在开放环境下连续曝气处理造纸黑液。在连续50d处理过程中,产酸白腐菌可以稳定的连续处理黑液,与进水相比,出水中COD降幅最高达到53.73%,脱色率平均可以达到73.74%,木质素去除率达到45.66%,为白腐菌应用于造纸黑液的治理提供了一定的基础。     

微氧曝气-一段式厌氧氨氧化-反硝化组合工艺处理餐厨沼液

针对餐厨沼液高氨氮、低C/N的特点,采用“微氧曝气-一段式厌氧氨氧化-BioClens反硝化”工艺,进行了餐厨沼液脱氮除碳的小试研究。经150 d的运行优化,系统稳定后该工艺的耗氧有机物 (以COD计) 、TN平均去除率分别达到81.3%和81.8%。微氧曝气单元为厌氧氨氧化单元消除餐厨沼液中有机物的影响并保留NH₄⁺-N,其耗氧有机物 (以COD计) 及NH₄⁺-N去除率分别为81.6%和13.7%,为厌氧氨氧化稳定运行提供保障。厌氧氨氧化单元是NH₄⁺-N的主要去除单元,稳定后运行后总氮去除负荷为0.480 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹;BioClens反硝化单元对前两段工艺中产生的NO₃⁻-N进行反硝化深度去除,在以乙酸钠为碳源,包埋固定化填料填充比为5%、C/N=3的情况下,其平均NO₃⁻-N去除率达90%。该工艺实现了对餐厨沼液经济高效处理,具有应用潜力。

     

间歇性河流中生物膜对干湿胁迫的动态响应

针对近年来关于河流生态系统中生物膜在干湿胁迫下的响应研究进展,综述了生物膜结构和功能的适应性变化,主要分析了生物膜中不同功能类群（自养和异养）以及群落结构（α多样性以及β多样性）的动态变化;结构性变化主要表现为随着干旱进行α多样性的降低以及β多样性的升高,另外系统总结了干湿胁迫下生物膜生产力和代谢功能的动态响应;重点分析了生物膜微生物群体对干湿胁迫的抗性机制,并展望了分子生态网络分析在生物膜动态响应研究中的应用前景.     

螺旋对称流厌氧膜生物反应器的运行及优化

通过对螺旋对称流厌氧反应器(SSSAB)外置平板膜组件形成了螺旋对称流厌氧膜生物反应器(SSS-AnMBR).研究了SSS-AnMBR的启动阶段和有无沼气曝气时的运行性能,并建立了其设计与操作优化模型.在启动过程中,反应器内挥发性脂肪酸与碱度的比值为0.001~0.016,未发生酸化现象,后期反应器对化学需氧量(COD)的去除率稳定在90.27%~95.35%.有沼气曝气状态下SSS-An MBR的有机负荷和COD去除率分别为2.28 kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1)和98.24%,均高于无沼气曝气状态下的2.13 kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1)和97.58%,表明系统的污染物去除效能较好.有沼气曝气状态下膜组件的平均负荷、平均COD去除率和SSS-An MBR平均总COD去除率的CV值分别为21.98%、14.15%和0.78%,均低于无沼气曝气状态下的25.27%、21.98%和0.89%,表明该状态下系统稳定性较好.最后建立了厌氧反应器体积(V)、进水流量(Q)和进水COD(X)三者之间的数学模型:V/Q=HRT0/C_(inf)×η_(sss)(X-Cinf)+HRT_0,以及膜面积A与Q之间的数学模型:A=Q×C_(sss)×η_m/MLR,可指导同类型的厌氧膜生物反应器的设计和操作优化.     

金盆水库沉积物铁锰释放规律

针对分层型水库周期性厌氧问题,金盆水库利用人工强制混合充氧技术补充底部水体溶解氧,抑制沉积物中还原性污染物的释放.但受水库地形地貌的影响,人工强制混合充氧效率存在一定差异性,在曝气系统运行结束后部分较深区域上覆水体溶解氧迅速耗竭,导致污染物的再次释放.为探究铁锰在该条件下的释放规律及扩散强度,选取主库区代表性采样点,对沉积物间隙水及上覆水溶解态铁锰浓度分布进行测定,并计算沉积物-水界面处溶解态铁锰的扩散通量.结果表明,人工强制混合充氧结束后地势较低区域底部水体迅速进入厌氧状态,导致大量溶解态锰释放进入上覆水体,浓度最高达0.42mg·L~(-1);而地势较高区域底部水体短暂进入缺氧状态,之后溶解氧浓度迅速回升,因此底部溶解态锰浓度升高幅度较小,浓度最高为0.17mg·L~(-1).沉积物间隙水-上覆水铁锰浓度分布结果表明,由于铁锰氧化还原电位的差异,溶解态锰相较于铁在厌氧条件下更容易释放进入上覆水体,且不断在表层沉积物及上覆水体中积聚,而溶解态铁的释放不仅受溶解氧的抑制,还受锰氧化物等其他氧化剂的抑制.由扩散通量计算可知,人工强制混合充氧结束后溶解态锰的扩散通量有降低趋势.由质量平衡计算可知,溶解态锰在厌氧层中的积聚不仅与扩散通量有关,还与沉降通量、厌氧层厚度有关,因此厌氧层中铁锰的生物地球化学循环作用有待进一步的研究.