氧化物修饰电极脱色试验研究

本文对运用电解法对人粪尿二级生化高色度出水进行脱色处理实验过程进行了阐述和分析,从而论证了电极材料、外加电压、电流强度及电解时间等因素对脱色效果的影响。实验结果表明：随着外加电压、电流强度及电解时间的增加,脱色率呈上升趋势,当达到一定数值之后,脱色率趋于平缓。采用IrO2/Ti（钛基表面涂氧化铱,简称＂钛涂铱＂,阳极）＋不锈钢（阴极）电极配置,在20V恒压、1.5 cm极板间距、电解40m in和3.5A恒流、1.5 cm极板间距、电解30m in两种工况下,对500mL处理水进行电解,脱色率均可达到90%以上。     

Effects of sediment dredging on water quality and zooplankton community structure in a shallow of eutrophic lake

Effects of suction dredging on water quality and zooplankton community structure in a shallow of eutrophic lake,were evaluated.The results showed that a decreasing trend for levels of phosphorus,organic matter,total suspended solids,Chlorophyll a and Secchi transparency in the water column was found,while levels of water depth,electrical conductivity,total dissolved solids and NO 3--N concentration increased markedly post-dredging.The effects of dredging on dissolved oxygen,pH value and temperature were alm...     

铁铜内电解-膨润土组合工艺处理含铬废水

研究利用铁铜内电解工艺和膨润土吸附的联合作用,对含铬废水进行处理。含铬模拟废水首先经过铁铜内电解法装置,该出水再经膨润土吸附,以达到去除效果。并考察此组合工艺的各种影响因素。结果表明:(1)铁铜内电解预处理确定最佳反应参数为:铁铜用量之比为8:1,反应时间为100 min,pH值为3.0;(2)膨润土最佳吸附条件为:膨润土用量为2 g/l,反应时间为20 min;(3)在最佳反应条件下,对初始浓度分别为30 mg/l和60 mg/l的实际制革废水中的铬进行了处理,都取得较好的去除效果,其Cr(VI)去除率分别为99.54%和99.32%。     

内循环生物流化床处理丙烯酸废水的试验

介绍内循环三相生物流化床处理丙烯酸废水的中试研究。当进水ＣＯＤ为７１０—９９２ｍｇ／Ｌ时,平均去除容积负荷ＮＶ＝４．０ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ３·ｄ）,污泥负荷ＮＳ＝１．６ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｋｇＶＳＳ·ｄ）;进水ＣＯＤ为１２７７—２２７６ｍｐ／Ｌ时,ＮＶ＝６．８ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ３·ｄ）,Ｎｓ＝２．８ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｋｇＶＳＳ·ｄ）;氧利用率约１７％。同时对流化床出水进行了后处理试验,提出了丙烯酸废水的治理方案。     

电解法处理硝酸铜废水研究

对电解法处理硝酸铜废水的原理、铜析出的条件、NO_3~-在电解中的变化、提高极限电流密度限额的途径等问题进行了探讨和试验。试验结果指出,NO_3~-在1mol/L以下,相应的Cu~(2+)3—8g/L,H~+1.0—1.2g/L。采用电流密度i=1—2A/dm~2时,Cu可在阴极上析出,电解终了浓度控制在0.2—0.3g/L内。平均电流效率可在80％以上,NO_3~-在电解前后无明显变化。此外,根据流化床电解运行的数据,提出电解法处理硝酸铜废水的数学模型。     

电解法处理活性染料废水的研究

某化工厂活性染料生产废水高CODCr值、高浓度、高色度、高盐分、成分复杂、有毒有害物质多、可生化性差。实验确定了废水经AS剂絮凝和电解预处理的研究方案。主要考察了电极极板材料、电解pH值、电解电压大小、电解时间和电极极板间距对CODCr去除效果的影响 ,从而确定了最佳电解条件 :采用石墨板电极 ,pH =3,电解电压 6 5V ,电解时间 5 0min ,电极极板间距 5cm。最佳条件下经放大实验 ,发现CODCr去除率高达 70 %以上。     

扩展阴极型膜电解法处理含铜废水的数学模型

采用均匀设计法,研究离子膜扩展阴极电解法对低浓度含铜废水的处理效果,得到了反应条件与回收效果之间的线性模型,并比较了线性预测模型和BP网络的预测效果。结果表明,线性模型有较强的定性分析作用但预测能力不强,而BP网络具有很强的预测能力。两法结合,具有很强的理论和实践指导意义。模型预测结果和实验结果均表明,扩展阴极型膜电解法可带来很好的社会效益和经济效益。     

电解对氯苯酚稀水溶液中脱氯降解机理研究

利用石墨电极进行了多种条件下对氯苯酚水溶液的电解研究。研究结果表明,CODCr去除率和脱氯率随电压的升高呈先升高后下降的趋势、随对氯苯酚质量浓度的升高呈指数下降、随溶液pH的升高而升高。碱性条件下电解效果明显优于中性和酸性条件。在电压为10V,pH≈12,电解100mg L的对氯苯酚溶液2h后,CODCr去除率可达52 94%,脱氯率达52 8%。由脉冲辐解瞬态吸收光谱可知,中性、酸性条件下降解机制均为OH·自由基的作用,经过瞬态分子OH-adducts(OH加合物)的中间产物进一步氧化降解;碱性条件下通过OH·自由基和对氯苯酚氧基负离子的阳极直接失电子氧化作用2种降解机制,经过瞬态分子氯代酚氧自由基中间产物氧化降解对氯苯酚,产物分析结果显示生成了对苯二酚和苯醌等中间产物。      

A multidecadal oscillation in precipitation and temperature series is pronounced in low flow series from Puget Sound streams

In Pacific Northwest streams, summer low flows limit water available to competing instream (salmon) and out-of-stream (human) uses, creating broad interest in how and why low flows are trending. Analyses that assumed linear (monotonic) change over the last ~60 years revealed declining low flow trends in minimally disturbed streams. Here, polynomials were used to model flow trends between 1929 and 2015. A multidecadal oscillation was observed in flows, which increased initially from the 1930s until the 1950s, declined until the 1990s, and then increased again. A similar oscillation was detected in precipitation series, and opposing oscillations in surface temperature, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation series. Multidecadal oscillations with similar periods to those described here are well known in climate indices. Fitted model terms were consistent with flow trends being influenced by at least two drivers, one oscillating and the other monotonic. Anthropogenic warming is a candidate driver for the monotonic decline, and variation in (internal) climatic circulation for the oscillating trend, but others were not ruled out. The recent upturn in streamflows suggests that anthropogenic warming has not been the dominant factor driving streamflow trends, at least until 2015. Climate projections based on simulations that omit drivers of multidecadal variation are likely to underestimate the range, and rate of change, of future climatic variation.     

含缺陷连续管冲蚀规律研究

针对内壁含缺陷的连续管冲蚀磨损严重、易失效的问题,基于冲蚀理论和液-固两相流,建立了含缺陷连续管内 壁冲蚀模型。利用Grant和Tabakoff模型求解砂砾冲蚀速率,借助实验数据验证了CFD数值模型。利用该模型研究了连续 管内壁周向均布缺陷数量及缺陷形状参数（深度、长度和宽度）对连续管内壁含缺陷时的冲蚀影响。研究表明:完整连 续管与含1个缺陷时对比,最大冲蚀率增加了4.5倍。对于深度或宽度较小的缺陷,冲蚀更为严重,缺陷会在冲蚀作用下 迅速加深或变宽,增速下降较快。含大长度缺陷连续管在压裂中会被加速损坏。